野生、仿生、温室中华鳖形态特征与营养成分的比较研究

Comparison of Physical Characteristics and Nutritive Components of Wild,Bionics and Hothouse Trionyx sinensis

为了简易鉴别中华鳖的种类,选择合理的养殖方式,改善和提高中华鳖的营养价值,以野生、仿生、温室中华鳖为试验材料,比较分析了不同养殖模式下3种中华鳖的形态特征与营养成分。结果显示:野生鳖与仿生鳖裙边重显著高于温室鳖(P<0.05);野生鳖肌肉中粗蛋白含量分别高于其他2种鳖0.78%、6.37%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。野生鳖肝脏中粗蛋白、粗灰分与水分含量显著高于其他2种鳖(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量最低;不同养殖模式对中华鳖肌肉脂肪酸组成有显著影响。野生鳖肌肉中测出32种脂肪酸,仿生鳖测出25种脂肪酸,温室鳖测出27种脂肪酸。野生鳖多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著高于仿生鳖与温室鳖(P<0.05)。3种中华鳖EPA+DHA含量差异显著,表现为温室鳖>仿生鳖>野生鳖(P<0.05)。

In order to choose a reasonable way of farming, improve the nutritional value and simple identification of Trionyx sinensis. Wild, bionics and hothouse Trionyx sinensis were used as experimental material, analyzed the physical characteristics and nutritive components of three kind of Trionyx sinensis between different cultivation patterns. The results indicated that the skirt weight of wild turtle and bionics turtle were higher than hothouse turtle（P0.05）. The content of crude protein in muscle of wild turtle was higher than that of the other turtle 0.78%, 6.37%, respectively（P0.05）. The content of crude protein, crude ash and moisture in livers of wild turtle were significantly higher than bionics and hothouse turtle（P0.05）, but the content of crude fat was lower than others. There were also differences in composition of fatty acids. The wild turtle contained 32 kinds of fatty acids, the bionics turtle contained 25 kinds of fatty acids, and the hothouse turtle contained 27 kinds of fatty acids. The wild turtle had higher PUFA content in muscle compared with that in bionics and hothouse turtle（P0.05）. The EPA＋DHA content in muscle were significant difference in three turtles, hothouse turtle bionics turtle wild turtle（P0.05）.