不同有机肥对设施土壤全盐累积与pH值变化的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Salt Accumulation and pH Changes in Greenhouse

为了给有机肥在设施土壤中合理使用提供参考,采用田间小区试验,研究了鸡粪、猪粪、商品有机肥在不同季节对设施土壤盐分累积及pH值变化的影响。结果表明,设施土壤施用有机肥,土壤盐分含量也出现了不同程度的累积,但随着使用量的增大,累积量逐渐降低。与化肥处理相比,施用鸡粪土壤盐分累积量可降低9.22%~21.13%;猪粪可降低9.40%~27.59%;商品有机肥与化肥相比,降盐效果不明显,而且低量处理盐分累积量超过了化肥处理。季节不同,有机肥对土壤盐分影响大小也不同,鸡粪相同处理土壤含盐量夏季比冬季高出19.10%~64.18%;猪粪处理盐分含量也高出10.54%~59.92%,商品有机肥季节差异不大。设施土壤施用化肥降低了土壤pH值,施用鸡粪、猪粪能提高土壤pH值,避免土壤酸化,商品有机肥效果不明显。3种有机肥中鸡粪、猪粪对延缓土壤盐分累积速度,避免土壤酸化作用明显,可适当多施;商品有机肥效果欠佳,要视含盐量的高低,慎重施用。

A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizer on soil salt accumulation and pH changes in greenhouse. The result showed that： the greenhouse soil application of organic fertilizer could also increase soil salt content, but the cumulative amount gradually decreased with increasing usage. Compared with chemical fertilizer, soil salinity cumulative amount could be reduced from 9.22% to 21.13% by using chicken manure, and from 9.40% to 27.59% by using pig manure. But there was not obvious difference between commercial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Salt cumulative amount was even more than chemical fertilizer in low application treatment. Different seasons had different effect of organic fertilizer on soil salinity. In the same chicken manure treatment, soil salinity was 19.10%-64.18% higher in summer than in winter. There was similar result in pig manure treatments. The application of commercial organic fertilizer had little difference in vary season. In green house, application of chemical fertilizer reduced soil pH. In contrast, application chicken manure, pig manure increased soil pH to avoid soil acidification. Commercial organic fertilizer was not obvious to reduce soil pH. Chicken manure, pig manure could delay the soil salt accumulation speed, avoid soil acidification might be appropriate applied. But commercial organic fertilizer ineffective should be used cautiously.