禾本科植物自交不亲和基因定位进展

Advance in Gene Mapping of Self-incompatibility in Poaceae Plants

植物的自交不亲和性普遍存在于禾本科植物中,这是植物在长期进化过程中形成的防止自交退化,且有利于异花授粉、保持遗传多样性的一种生殖隔离机制。并且植物的自交不亲和机制多种多样,调控其性状的基因数量也不等。目前,许多实验已经证明禾本科植物的自交不亲和性属于S-Z型双因子自交不亲和系统,该类型的自交不亲和系统受到2个不连锁的复等位基因座S和Z的控制。本研究介绍了禾本科植物双因子S-Z型自交不亲和系统的起源,并且归纳了多年来对黑麦、天蓝虉草、球茎大麦和黑麦草等禾本植物自交不亲和调控基因的研究进展。还对禾本科植物S-Z双因子自交不亲和系统提出质疑。最终提出通过克服长雄野生稻的自交不亲和性来构建自交不亲和群体,从而用于精细的图位克隆。

Self-incompatibility（SI） was widespread in plants. And it was one of the most important mechanisms which developed through long-term evolution of plants to prevent plants from selfing and maintain genetic diversity. The various mechanisms of plant self-incompatibility were controlled by different amounts of genes. Up to now, many experiments attested self-incompatibility in Poaceae which was controlled by two unlinked loci（S and Z） which both had series of alleles. This paper described the origin of S-Z self-incompatibility system in Poaceae, and summarized the progress of self-incompatibility genes about Secale cereale, Phalaris coerulescens, Hordeum bulbosum, Lolium perenne and so on. In addition, it also questioned this system. At last, drawing a high-resolution mapping of S and Z locus by conquering the self-incompatibility of O. longistaminata to construct segregating population was proposed.