丰产小麦品种‘农大211’的灌浆特性分析

The Grain Filling Characteristics of High Yield Wheat Cultivars‘Nongda211'

为了研究‘农大211’籽粒的灌浆特性和丰产性的关系,给高产栽培和普通小麦高产育种提供参考。以‘农大3334’、‘中优9507’、‘京411’、‘农大3747’等3种不同粒重类型的品种(系)为对照,对丰产小麦品种‘农大211’在北京地区灌浆过程中籽粒体积、鲜重和干重的动态变化和灌浆参数特点进行研究。结果表明,在整个灌浆过程中5个品种(系)的籽粒体积均呈现抛物线曲线;从最大体积和花后30天体积来看,‘农大211’接近‘农大3334’。‘农大211’的籽粒体积显著高于‘中优9507’、‘农大3747’和‘京411’,它们的籽粒鲜重增长变化趋势基本一致,呈现抛物线曲线;‘农大211’的鲜重在花后3天到24天呈直线增长趋势,先后赶超了‘京411’、‘农大3747’和‘中优9507’,最后接近‘农大3334’。籽粒干重的动态变化均呈现拉扁的S曲线;‘农大3334’在花后21天、‘农大211’在花后24天、‘中优9507’在花后27天的干重极显著高于相应的时间的‘京411’和‘农大3747’,说明这3个大粒型品种(系)在灌浆后期保持了较强的灌浆能力,致使其干物质积累达到较高水平,从而最终粒重高于‘京411’和‘农大3747’。‘农大211’的最大灌浆速率(R max)、平均灌浆速率(R)和达到最大灌浆速率所需天数(d)均高于‘中优9507’、‘农大3747’和‘京411’,但低于‘农大3334’;而且灌浆3个阶段的灌浆速率R1、R2和R3与大粒型品种‘农大3334’、‘中优9507’相仿,快于中小粒型品种‘农大3747’和‘京411’。总之,‘农大211’籽粒的籽粒体积、鲜重和干重的动态变化过程以及灌浆过程、参数与大粒型品系‘农大3334’接近,但其单位面积穗数、穗粒数较高,因而其单产高于‘农大3334’。

In order to explore the relationship between grain-filling characteristics and high-yield, achieve high yield by cultivation and offer the reference for selecting new cultivars, the grain-filling processes of grain volume, wet-weight and dry-weight, as well as difference of grain-filling parameters, of ‘ Nongda211 ’ and other 4 cultivars/lines with different kernel weight planted in Beijing area were studied. The results showed that grain volumes and wet-weights of these 5 cultivars appeared to be parabola curve at whole period, meanwhile the maxim and final volumes of‘Nongda211’were near to that of‘Nongda3334’, and higher significantly than that of‘Zhongyou9507’,‘Jing411’and‘Nongda3747’, and the volume of‘Nongda211’increased linearly during 3 days postfloral（DPF） and 24 DPF, then caught up to‘Jing411’,‘Nongda3747’and‘Zhongyou 9507’, and finally were close to‘Nongda3334’. The dry-weight of‘Nongda211’showed＂S＂curve, and the dry-weights of‘Nongda334’at 21 DPF,‘Nongda211’at 24 DPF, and‘Zhongyou9507’at 27 DPF were higher significantly than those of‘Jing411’and‘Nongda3747’at corresponding DPF. The maxim filling rate（Rmax）, average filling rate（R） and time to the maxim filling rate（d） of‘Nongda211’were higher than those of ‘Zhongyou9507’,‘Nongda3747’and‘Jing411’, but lower than those of‘Nongda3334’; the filling rates at gradual increasing stage（R1）, at rapid increasing stage（R2） and slowly increasing stage（R3） of‘Nongda211’ were similar to those of‘Nongda3334’and‘Zhongyou9507’, but more fast than those of‘Nongda3747’and ‘Jing411’. In conclusion, the grain-filling processes and of grain volume, wet-weight and dry-weight, and grain-filling parameters of‘Nongda211’approached to‘Nongda3334’, and‘Nongda211’had more spikes/ hm2and grains/spike, so‘Nongda211’had higher yield than‘Nongda3334’.