滩涂溢油应急处置技术及应用

Research on Emergency Response to Tideland Oil Spill

随着我国石油勘探开发的不断深入和海上油品运输业务的增加,陆地和海上溢油风险不断增大,一旦发生陆地和海上溢油,必然造成滩涂溢油事故,需要及时采取措施进行应急处置。综合分析了滩涂溢油的特点和应急处置技术措施,并以海滩溢油为例分析了应急处置中的船舶、两栖车等物资装备配备和现场技术要点,提出了自然处置法、分区处置法和交叉作业法的滩涂溢油处置方法。

With the deepening of oil exploitation and the increasing of maritime oil transportation in China,risks of oil spill both on land and at sea are increasing.Tideland oil spill accident is inevitably avoided once land and sea oil spill occurs,and it needs to be responded timely.This article analyzes the features of tideland oil spill and the technical measures of contingency response comprehensively. Based on the example of sea beach oil spill,outfits such as vessels and amphibious vehicles in contingency response and onsite technical essentials are analyzed.Measures of tideland oil spill response such as natural treatment,zoning treatment and cross operation are proposed.To ensure the safety and enhance the efficiency of contingency response,the cautions on site are specified.This article also provides a reference for oil spill response for river beach and lake beach.