新疆吐鲁番地区地下水质量与污染评价

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Pollution in Turpan Region of Xinjiang

利用新疆吐鲁番地区2003年和2011年地下水质量与污染调查评价工作所取得的地下水水质数据，采用单因子评价法进行地下水质量评价，采用同一水井2003年和2011年化学组分浓度对比法进行地下水污染评价。地下水质量评价结果显示，2011年吐鲁番地区可以直接饮用（Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水）或经适当处理可以饮用（Ⅳ类水）的地下水水井占调查总井数（24眼）的58．33％，不能饮用的地下水（V类水）占41．67％；影响地下水质量的天然化学组分主要为总溶解固体（TDS）、总硬度、SO4^2-、Cl^-、高锰酸盐指数等。地下水污染评价结果表明，地下水质量等级变差的水井占调查总井数（7眼）的42．86％，质量等级不变的占28．57％，质量等级变好的占28．57％。从原生环境和人为因素两个方面简单分析了吐鲁番盆地地下水质量总体较差和水质污染的原因。为遏制地下水水质恶化态势，有效保护吐鲁番盆地地下水资源与环境，提出了一些合理的建议。

In this study, with a mass of data obtained from groundwater quality and pollution investigation and appraisal in Turpan region, Xinjiang, in 2003 and 2011, the groundwater quality is assessed by using single-factor evaluation method and the groundwa- ter pollution is assessed by comparing the chemical component concentration in 2003 and 2011 of the same well. The result of groundwater quality assessment shows that the groundwater wells with direct potable water, Class Ⅰ-Ⅲ, or water potable after ap- propriate treatment, Class IV, account for 58. 33% and the wells with groundwater unsuitable for drinking, Class V, account for 41.67% of the total 24 investigated wells in Turpan region, Xinjiang, in 2011. The main natural chemical compositions influencing groundwater quality are total dissolved solids （TDS）, total hardness, sulphate, chloride and permanganate index, etc. The result of groundwater pollution assessment shows that the wells with groundwater quality degraded account 42.86%of the total 7 investigated wells, while 28. 57% remain unvaried and 28. 57% improve. The reasons for poor quality of groundwater in general and groundwater pollution of Turpan region are analyzed from the two aspects, including primary environment and human factors. In order to restrain the groundwater quality degradation trend and effectively protect the groundwater resources and environment in Turpan region, some reasonable suggestions are put forward in the end.