重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物瑞替普酶在下肢动脉闭塞病变腔内介入治疗中的临床应用研究

Clinical research of catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen kinase derivatives reteplase

目的 探讨重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物瑞替普酶在下肢动脉闭塞病变腔内介入治疗中的应用价值.方法 收集下肢动脉闭塞病变患者46例,闭塞血管54段,应用瑞替普酶采用各种导管溶栓技巧,实施血管腔内充分接触溶栓,溶栓结束后根据造影观察闭塞段开通情况,行经皮腔内血管球囊成形术（PTA）,对于PTA后狭窄程度≥60％或出现动脉夹层者,选择支架置入术联合治疗,于介入术后3、6、12个月行彩色多普勒超声或CT血管造影（CTA）等影像学检查,以评价临床疗效.术中复查造影显示闭塞段解除后血管管腔残余狭窄＜30％,前向血流通过顺畅认定为腔内介入治疗技术成功.结果 本组患者术中各闭塞段均先应用瑞替普酶充分接触溶栓.其中52段闭塞段腔内介入治疗开通成功,手术成功率为96.3％,5例（10.9％）出现并发症;腔内介入开通成功病例中急性发病者13例（15段闭塞段）,慢性病例31例（37段闭塞段）;33段闭塞段溶栓后血管开通,溶栓开通率61.1％,溶栓开通病例中6段闭塞段溶栓后造影未见明显血管狭窄,仅见血管内膜不光整.术中仅2段长段闭塞动脉行PTA失败后行内膜下血管成形术,本组患者共置入支架62枚.术后共44例局部肢体缺血症状均有不同程度改善,术后表现为原闭塞段远端动脉搏动恢复或改善,间歇性跛行距离增大,静息痛消失或改善,缺血肢体皮肤温度升高,颜色恢复红润,溃疡面积缩小,部分患者溃疡愈合.余2例虽术中造影证实再通未成功,但其临床症状有所改善,未出现因症状加重而需截肢者.围手术期30 d的病死率为0.介入治疗患者中1例术后3个月因急性大面积心肌梗死死亡,2例失访.术后3、6、12个月通畅率分别为89.1％ （41/46）、87.0％ （40/46）、82.6％ （38/46）.随访期间再次介入干预率为6.5％ （3/46）.所有随访者无截肢.术中造影发现远端动脉栓塞3例（6.5％）,经导管泵注瑞替普酶局部溶栓后远端动脉血流恢复通畅.穿刺点局部血肿2例（4.3％,均自行吸收）,其中1例左肱动脉穿刺点,1例右股动脉穿刺点.结论 瑞替普酶经导管溶栓在下肢动脉闭塞病变介入腔内治疗术中具有重要作用,介入术中根据闭塞病变的范围、部位、程度、管壁情况等个性化设计治疗策略,能够提高手术成功率和降低并发症发生率.

Objective To investigate the value of the recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen kinase derivatives reteplase in the treatment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease by catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis operation.Methods Forty-six lower extremity arterial occlusive disease patients （occlusive vascular 54 section） were collected with reteplase and a variety of Catheter-directed thrombolytic techniques; according to the extent of patency by angiography,the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty （PTA） was carried out; for some segments stenosis degree 〉60% or dissections,the stent placement as a combined therapy was applied.When the intervention was completed,the color Doppler ultrasound or CT angiography （CTA） was reviewed to evaluate clinical efficacy after 3 months,6 months and 12 months respectively.It was showed that vascular lumen residual stenosis was 〈 30% by angiography after the occlusion released.Results Endovascular treatment was successful.Fifty-two section of endovascular occlusion treatment was successful,surgical success rate was 96.3%.Thirty-three section of occlusive vascular were opened after thrombolysis operation,the patency rate was 61.1%.After 3 months,6 months and12 months,patency rates were 89.1% （41/46）,87.0% （40/46）and 82.6% （38/46）.Distal arterial embolization in three cases （6.5 %） was discovered by intraoperative angiography.Puncture site hematoma occurred in 2 patients （4.3% was self-absorbed）.Conclusion The catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy with rateplase has an important role in lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.