隐喻的概念层表达式“X BE Y”研究

On the Conceptual Construction “X BE Y” of Metaphor

隐喻,是使用"是"、"成"等词把某事物比拟成同其有相似关系的另一事物的一种修辞表达。隐喻总是显性或隐性地包含着概念层表达式"X BE Y";其中,X和Y分属两个不同范畴。表达式"X BE Y"成为隐喻概念层表达式有两个主要理据:谓词BE能够进行外延—内涵性双重逻辑解读①,保证了表达式"X BE Y"既可在表面上利用Y的外延对X进行述说又可利用Y的内涵属性对X进行述说;其识解依赖人类常规关系认知范式,这种常规关系或知识结合语境限制因素解决了"X BE Y"中喻体Y部分属性的提取问题。

Metaphor is a figure of speech which usually compares one thing to another by making use of such expressions as ＂is＂ and ＂become＂, and is represented either explicitly or implicitly with the construction ＂X BE Y＂, in which X and Y belong to two different categories. Two main motivations can be found for ＂X BE Y＂ to become the conceptual construction of metaphor. One is that the predicate BE should be construed both intentionally and extensionally at the same time, which guarantees that the conceptual construction ＂X BE Y＂ can make use of both Y＇ s extensional and intentional features to describe X; the other is that the construal of ＂X BE Y＂ relies on the cognitive paradigm of stereotypical relations, which, working with contextual factors, deals with the choice of the feature（s） of Y.