阜新煤矿区次生裸坡土壤抗冲性动态变化

Dynamic Changing on Soil Anti-scourability of Secondary Bare Slope in Fuxin Coal-mining Area

为探讨煤矿区次生裸坡的稳定性,采用径流含沙量和土壤抗冲系数分析方法,对阜新孙家湾煤矸石山的6个典型坡面的表层土壤进行了抗冲性试验。结果表明,矿区次生裸坡不同坡向、不同坡位的径流含沙量和土壤抗冲系数存在较大差异,且均存在一定的动态变化规律。在土壤冲刷过程中,初始径流含沙量均较大,之后呈规律性骤减,并逐渐趋于稳定。与对照样地相比,矿区次生裸坡的总径流含沙量虽少,但衰减速度较快,至冲刷第2min后基本趋于稳定。不同样地径流含沙量与时间之间显著服从于幂函数关系;土壤抗冲系数的变化是随着冲刷时间的延长呈现出先缓慢后快速增大趋势,且前10min的抗冲系数表现为:矿区次生裸坡>对照样地。不同样地的土壤抗冲系数与时间之间显著服从于指数函数关系。

The stability of secondary bare slope was studied by adopting the methods of runoff sediment con- centration and anti-scourability was analyzed in 6 sample plots of Sunjiawan coal-mining area in Fuxin City. The results showed that the anti-scourability existed significantly difference in mining secondary bare slope, and had the regular rules of dynamic changing. In the initial, the overall changing trend of runoff sediment concentration was larger, then sharply reduced in regular, and then stabilized. Compared with natural soil, its sediment concentration was less and decreased faster. There was an obvious power function regression re- lationship between the sediment concentration and the scouring time in different plots. The overall trend of anti-scourability coefficient was increasing gradually with the time. The anti-scourability coefficient in the secondary bare slope was larger than that of natural soil in the initial 10 min. The relationship between the anti-scourability coefficient and time followed the exponential equation obviously.