北京市居民居住—就业选择的协同性研究

The correlated decision process of house moving and job change and its heterogeneity: A case study of Beijing

居民在住房市场上的迁居决策和劳动力市场上的工作迁移决策,是城市空间结构塑造和演化的重要微观因素。本文以2009年北京市城市居住环境评价和偏好选择抽样调查问卷为基础,探讨了居民居住迁移和工作迁移决策的协同性及其异质性,结果发现:居民居住迁移决策和工作迁移决策是一个存在正向相互联系的协同决策过程,而非两个独立的决策过程;居住迁移和工作迁移决策的正向反馈强度随着微观主体住房产权、户籍和家庭就业结构等状况的不同而具有异质性,非北京市户籍、租房户和单职工家庭居民的居住迁移和工作迁移的正向相关关系要显著大于有北京市户籍、购房户和多职工家庭居民,并且不同社会经济属性的居民其居住迁移决策和工作迁移决策的影响因素也具有异质性。

People＇s decision of residential mobility in the housing market and decision of job change in labor market play an essential role in the formation and dynamics of urban spatial structure. In the traditional urban geographical view, job change is just a factor, which affects the decision of residential mobility. But this paper tries to investigate the correlated decision process of residential mobility and job change, and studies their heterogeneity in this interrelationship using the large-scale survey sample of residential living of Beijing in the year of 2009. Based on the bivariate discrete analysis, some conclusions are drawn as follows： （1） People＇s decision of residential mobility is significantly positively correlated with the decision of job change, indicating that these two dimensional decisions are in fact a correlated decision process rather than two independent decisions. （2） There is heterogeneity in the correlated decisions of residential mobility and job change. More specifically, the interrelationship between the decisions of residential mobility and job change in groups without Beijing hukou, renters and single worker households is more intensive than that in groups with Beijing hukou, owners and multiworkers households. Institutional obstacle of housing and labor market, migration costs caused by family demographics and commuting costs are the main contributing factors in the process of correlated decisions. （3） There is great heterogeneity in the determinants of residential relocation and job change among groups in terms of housing tenure, household registration status and family employment structure. Different groups have various main factors during the process of correlated decisions. The factor of commuting costs only works in the group of renters and single worker households. Institutional obstacle of housing and labor market is the main factor during the decision process of the people with Beijing hukou, owners and multi-worker households. Migration costs caused by family demographics are the basic consideration when multi-worker households make decisions.