星形胶质细胞钾通道及相关疾病研究进展

Progress in astrocytes potassium channels and related diseases

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统数量最多的一类胶质细胞,近年来其在中枢神经系统中的作用备受关注。它不仅作为神经元赖以生存的"土壤",给神经元提供营养代谢支持,而且具有清除谷氨酸、缓冲钾离子水平和调节免疫功能等作用。星形胶质细胞功能的维持主要依赖于其表达的各种钾离子通道。星形胶质细胞可表达内向整流钾通道,电压依赖性钾通道,ATP敏感钾通道及双孔钾通道,这些钾通道生理状态下参与调节星形胶质细胞清除谷氨酸,缓冲钾离子水平等功能,病理状态下表达和功能发生改变,与脑缺血、癫痫和阿尔茨海默症等神经系统疾病的发病过程密切相关。本文就星形胶质细胞上表达的钾离子通道及相关疾病的研究进展做一综述。

Astrocytes are the largest number of glial cells in the central nervous system. In recent years,more attention has been paid to their role in the central nervous system. They not only serve as the ″soil″ for the survival of neurons by providing nutritional support,but also help clear glutamate,buffer potassium levels,and enhance immunity. The maintenance of astrocyte functions mainly depends on a variety of potassium ion channels,including the inward rectifier potassium channel（ K ir）,voltagedependent potassium channel（ K v）,ATP-sensitive potassium channels（ K ATP） and two pore potassium channels. Potassium channels under physiological conditions are involved in regulating astrocytes.However,changes in the expression and functions of these channels under pathological conditions are closely related to pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia,epilepsy,Alzheimer disease and other diseases of the nervous system. This paper aims to review the research development on relationships between potassium channels in astrocytes and related diseases.