基于线粒体DNA (mtDNA) COⅠ～COⅡ分析四川省东方蜜蜂遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity of Apis cerana in Sichuan Province Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequence COⅠ ～ COⅡ

为探讨四川省东方蜜蜂的遗传多样性,本文以线粒体DNA COⅠ～ COⅡ区间基因片段为指标,利用生物信息学软件分析四川省9个地区共268种群东方蜜蜂的遗传多样性.结果显示：（1）该线粒体DNA片段的碱基长度为761 bp,碱基组成为：A为40.4％,T为42.4％,C为10.8％,G为6.4％,表现出A＋T偏倚性;（2）共发现36个置换突变和两个移码突变.其中,置换突变包括27个转换、8个颠换和第608位既包括转换又包括颠换的置换突变;第279,280位插入缺失突变的移码突变;（3）共发现单倍型38个,单倍型多样性为：0.903±0.010,核苷酸多样性为：0.00291±0.000 13; （4）聚类分析结果显示四川省东方蜜蜂无明显分化,与国内云南、重庆、甘肃、北京以及吉林等地亲缘关系较近,无明显遗传分化现象,与日本亲缘关系较近,与台湾、马来西亚等地的亲缘关系较远.

To analyze the genetic diversity of Apis cerana in Sichuan Province, the region between CO I - CO Ⅱ of the mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） was chosen as an index, 268 populations in 9 dis- tricts were sampled and analyzed by bioinformatics softwares. The results revealed that： （ 1 ） the total length of these mtDNA fragment was 761 bp, the base composition of A, T, C and G in the se- quences was 40.4% , 42.4% , 10. 8% and 6.4%, respectively, which suggested a strong A ＋ T bias; （2） There were 36 substitution mutations and 2 frameshift mutations. The substitution muta- tions were comprised of 26 transitions, 8 transversions and the 608th base was included both a transi- tion and a transversion; two deletion/insertion frameshift mutations were happened in the 279th site and the 280th site. （3） A total of 38 haplotypes were identified, the haplotype diversity was 0. 903 ±0. 010, and the nucleotide diversity was 0. 002 91 ±0. 000 13 ; （4） The results of cluster analysis showed that the A. cerana of Sichuan Province had no obvious differentiation and the genetic relation- ship of A. cerana was closer to those A. cerana samples form Yunnan, Chongqing, Gansu, Beijing and Jilin. The genetic relationship was not significant. The genetic relationship was closer to those A. cerana samples from Japan than those samples from Malaysia and Taiwan Province