多能性干细胞向红细胞定向诱导分化的研究进展

Research Advances on Directional Induction and Differentiation in vitro from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Erythrocytes——Review

红细胞输注是临床上治疗急性失血和严重贫血的有效手段,然而目前血源紧张,因输血引起疾病传播等问题威胁着人类的健康。因此寻求安全、可靠、充足、有效的血液来源迫不及待。多能干细胞向红细胞体外分化的研究提供了一个潜在血液替代来源的选择。大量科研工作者进行了体外造血诱导的初步探索,包括定向分化体系及其效率的优化、红细胞的脱核成熟及功能鉴定、诱导型红细胞的安全性评价等。本文根据近年来这一领域的主要进展,着重对多能干细胞体外诱导分化为成熟型功能性红细胞的诱导方法以及调控机制进行综述,并对分化过程中存在的问题与挑战以及发展前景加以讨论。

Red blood cell transfusion is an effective method to treat acute hemorrhage and severe anemia.However,blood source from donors is very limited,and transfusion-transmitted diseases occured frequently,thus threatening human health.Therefore,the safe,abundant and functional blood source is needed.Generation of blood cells from human pluripotent stem cells （hPSC） will offer alternative approach.Lots of studies have been focused on erythroid cell differentiation in vitro,including how to enhance efficiency and improve their function.In this review,the research advances on differentiation methods and the regulatory mechanism are summarized.In addition,the progress in PSC differentiation into erythrocytes and the problems to be solved are discussed briefly.