农民工职业应激与抑郁的关系

Relationship between occupational stress and depression in migrant workers

目的 探讨农民工职业应激与抑郁之间的关系.方法 以纺织行业农民工为研究对象,使用自制的职业紧张调查问卷和抑郁自评量表,对性别、年龄、工龄、文化程度和婚姻状态等情况进行调查,采用两组独立样本的t检验、方差分析、Spearman等级相关分析和多元逐步回归法对数据进行分析.结果 性别、工龄和文化程度不是抑郁症状评分的影响因素,中度抑郁低年龄组均数为66.08±2.45,高年龄组均数为57.15±2.64,低年龄组的中度抑郁评分高于高年龄组（P＜0.01）.中度抑郁未婚组均数为66.12±2.45,已婚组均数为64.63±2.45,未婚组的中度抑郁评分高于已婚组（P＜0.01）.中度抑郁与工作心理需求、外在付出呈正相关,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.中度抑郁与回报呈显著负相关（r=-0.26,P＜0.05）.抑郁症状的逐步回归分析,按照标准化回归系数,从大到小依次为主管支持、技能、内在投入和同事支持.贡献因素为内在投入,其余3个因子为负面影响因素.结论 农民工职业人群存在一定的心理健康问题,职业应激与抑郁存在一定的相关性.

Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and depression in migrant workers.Methods Migrant workers in the textile industry were selected as subjects,and the self-made Occupational Stress Questionnaire and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate the sex,age,seniority,educational level,and marital status of these subjects.Data analysis was performed by independentsamples t test,analysis of variance,Spearman rank correlation analysis,and stepwise multiple regression analysis.Results Sex,seniority,and educational level were not influential factors for depression scores.The lower age group had a higher moderate depression score than the higher age group; the unmarried group had a higher moderate depression score than the married group.Severe depression was negatively correlated with decision-making power,psychological job demands,social support,and external pay-return,but positively correlated with skills and internal input; moderate depression was positively correlated with psychological job demands and external pay,but negatively correlated with other factors; mild depression was negatively correlated with all factors.The stepwise regression analysis showed that the influential factors for depression included,from major to minor,supervisor support,skills,internal input,and colleague support,according to the standardized regression coefficients; internal input was the contribution factor,and the remaining ones were negative factors.Conclusion Among migrant workers,certain mental health problems exist,and occupational stress is associated with depression.