骨生化指标在骨肿瘤中的临床应用进展

Clinical application progress of bone biochemical markers in bone tumors

骨肿瘤是起源于间充质细胞，发生于骨组织及其附属结构的一类良、恶性肿瘤的总称，骨肿瘤的发病率女性约为1.060/10万，男性约为1.112/10万，虽属少见的肿瘤类型，但对人体的危害大，特别是恶性肿瘤，目前疗效虽然提高，但仍不令人满意，发病趋势呈年轻，在骨科领域中占有重要地位[1]。正常的骨代谢是骨生成和骨吸收的动态平衡，这种平衡主要有骨组织中成骨细胞或破骨细胞维持，当这种平衡被打破时就会表现出各种骨疾病。骨生成和骨吸收异常伴随的生化指标及导致骨生成和骨吸收变化的相关因素均可作为骨肿瘤的生物标记。随着分子生物学技术的发展，有望通过检测骨肿瘤患者体内的生化指标变化达到早期诊断和治疗的目的。现在就骨组织生化指标在骨肿瘤患者诊治中的研究作一综述，以探讨他们的临床应用价值。

Bone tumors refer to benign and malignant tumors which originate from mesenchymal stem cells and occur in bone tissues and their accessory structures. The pathogenesis and etiology of bone tumors still remain unclear, and the diagnosis methods of bone tumors are stagnating now. X-ray, computed tomography （ CT ） and magnetic resonance imaging （ MRI ） are important in diagnosing and evaluating bone tumors, but they cannot detect the lesions until the bone destruction reaches a certain degree. Isotope bone scan can detect the microscopic lesions of bone, whereas it is too expensive and the speciifcity is poor, with high false positive rates. At present, the golden standard for the diagnosis of bone tumors is the histopathological examination of bone. However, it is dififcult to achieve early diagnosis, and it is likely to miss the best treatment period. Every disease is inevitably accompanied by molecular biological changes in the body. Biochemical markers can promptly detect the property changes of bone tumor cells, including unlimited proliferation, apoptosis, active neoangiogenesis, inifltrative growth, metastatic growth and so on. Therefore, it is of great signiifcance for the diagnosis of bone tumors to detect appropriate biochemical markers in the patients. The normal bone metabolism is maintained by the dynamic balance of bone resorption and bone formation. When bone tumors occur, the balance will be disturbed. The bone biochemical markers which relfect bone resorption and bone formation are sensitive indicators of early abnormal bone metabolism. Recently, a large number of studies have explored the significance of bone biochemical markers in patients with bone tumors. The functions of bone biochemical markers in patients with bone tumors mainly include making an early detection of microscopic tumor lesions to start early treatment （ diagnostic effects ）, evaluating the effects （ therapeutic monitoring ）, evaluating the prognosis and predicting the risk of relapse （ prognostic judgment ） and developing new drugs to block abnormal metabolic pathways of bone tumors to achieve the goal of treatment （ therapeutic effects ）.