非法出售、私赠文物藏品罪之司法认定

Judicial Determination of Illegal Selling or Presenting Cultural Relics

1997年刑法增设了非法出售、私赠文物藏品罪。本罪的主体为国有博物馆、图书馆等单位,非国有博物馆、图书馆等单位以及个人不能成为本罪的主体。本罪是故意犯罪,过失不构成本罪。本罪的犯罪对象为国有博物馆、图书馆等单位收藏的国有文物,尚未被国有博物馆、图书馆等单位收藏的国有文物以及非国有单位、个人收藏的文物,不能成为本罪的对象。本罪的买受人与受赠人是非国有单位或者个人。将属于国家禁止出口的珍贵文物藏品,向外国人非法出售或私赠的,属于非法向外国人出售、赠送珍贵文物罪与本罪的法条竞合,应按其中的重罪定罪处罚。

Based on legislative interpretation, illegal selling or presenting cultural relics is the crime of dereliction which violates the principle of legality in the world. Such law was added to China＇ s Criminal Law in 1997. The subject of the crime refers to state owned museums, libraries and other organizations that illegally sell or present their collected cultural relics to non state owned organizations or individuals. Illegal selling or presenting the cul tural relics are inhibited to export according to China＇ s Criminal Law to foreign individuals or organizations, corre spondine to the 1997 law.