从达尔文主义探究《无名的裘德》中的改良主义思想

An Analysis of Meliorism in Jude the Obscure from the Perspective of Darwinism

由于深受19世纪物种起源中进化论思想的影响,哈代的著名作品《无名的裘德》也无疑充斥着达尔文主义的思想。本文通过用达尔文主义的观点,探究《无名的裘德》中主人公裘德的具有悲剧色彩的人生。作为哈代的最后一部小说,《无名的裘德》具有很深的哲学思考价值。这部小说给我们展现了在当时的社会背景下,受压迫人民对于爱情、事业、宗教以及家庭的追求,并且从不同的角度下展示了人与自然、人与社会以及人与人之间进行的种种斗争。作者通过描述主人公裘德悲惨的人生,批判了维多利亚时期的种种社会现象,但是作者通过改良主义的思想来描述裘德悲惨的人生经历,极大地鼓舞了人民。

Influenced by the 19th-century idea of evolution in The Origin of Species,Hardy makes his works like Jude the Obscure（1895） imprinted with the idea of Darwinism.This thesis is intended to explore the issue of survival through Jude＇s tragedy by means of Darwinism.As Hardy＇s last novel,Jude the Obscure has played a great role in displaying his philosophical thinking.This novel begins with stories of the pressed whose pursuits for love,career,religion,family and social outlook are paid attention to,through which many conflicts between man and nature,man and society,man and man are displayed from different perspectives.Thus,while Jude＇s unfortunate life is unfolded,social malpractices of Victorian Age are also revealed and criticized.It tries to convey the idea of Hardy＇s Meliorism through the tragedy of Jude＇s survival,which can encourage people and help them face the reality squarely.