布朗族民族文化资源信息化初探

A Primary Exploration on the Systemization of Information of the Cultural Resources of Bulang Ethnic Group

近年来,云南人口较少民族经济发展与文化保护的矛盾日益凸显,民族地区的文化生境不断遭受破坏;加上人口较少民族的价值观念逐渐发生变化,非物质文化遗产传承人出现断层等问题,人口较少民族文化保护形势严峻。云南布朗族在应用信息化手段保护民族文化方面有很好的实践。布朗文化遗产可数字化资源划分为实体和物质文化遗产与口头和非物质文化遗产两大类。按照三级指标评价模型,结合可数字化文化资源的特点,首先聘请专家依据"可数字化资源评价赋分标准"对布朗族民族文化资源进行打分,并采用微积分运算公式计算出三级指标的综合评价值,根据最终评价得分来评判布朗族民族文化资源是否具有可数字化的价值。然后,对文化资源进行数字化采集,综合采用静态数字化技术、动态数字化技术和三维数字技术,按照文本数字化、图像数字化、三维图像建立、虚拟物品制作四个数字化级别来进行信息化处理。

In recent years,following the rapid social and economic development and the impact of globalization,the traditional modes of production and lifestyle of the minorities on the border of Yunnan have undergone unprecedented changes. Many non- renewable ethnic traditional cultural resources are decreasing or in danger of disappearing,especially among ethnic minorities with small populations. The situation of their traditional culture is much more serious than other minorities. How to strengthen the protection and transmission of the cultures of ethnic minorities with small populations has already become a hot topic in academic circles. Taking the Bulang as an example,a minority with a small population in Yunnan,this article discusses the approaches and methods of protection and transmission of the Bulang ＇ s ethnic culture by using modern technology to systematize information resource management ＂,so as to provide a framework for the digitization of the ethnic minorities＇ cultural resource. The Bulang are one of the 15 unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan,and are also a cross- border minority with a small population. The digital resources of Bulang＇ s cultural heritage can be divided into two categories： The first category is material culture and tangible cultural heritage. This mainly includes： 1） historical sites; and 2） secular architecture. The second category is oral and intangible cultural heritage. It mainly includes： 1） language and words; 2） folk costume; 3） folk songs and dances; 4） folk literature; 5） religious culture; 6） traditional technologies; 7） folklore and festivals; and 8） folk medicine. Different from＂hard＂resources,such as natural resource and economic resource,ethnic cultural resources are a kind of ＂soft＂resource which is difficult to quantify or assess. It depends on the people＇ s subjective assessment. In addition,we should notice two issues related to the digitization of ethnic cultural heritage resources： The first is whether or not the cultural heritage resources could be ＂systematized＂＂or digitized using present techniques; the second is whether or not the cultural heritage has the value to be ＂systemematized＂or digitized. For the purpose of systematizing the management of the resource and information of the ethnic cultural resources,doing a digital collection of cultural resources is the first step. Then,after making an assessment of the value of the ethnic cultural resources,we should adopt different ＂systematized information resource management ＂techniques with regard to the different types of resources. Taking the systematized management of ＂Bulang singing with playing stringed instruments tradition＂as an example,in addition to the digitization of the melodic text of the folk song,the related cultural space, the inheritors, musical instruments,other objects（ such as costume,other articles for use） should also be protected through digitization. The digitization of ＂Bulang＇ s singing with playing stringed instruments＂should be done on several levels. The first level is the digitization of text; the second is the digitization of image; the third is the building of a three- dimensional image; and the fourth is making virtual products. Ethnic culture is not only a representation of the ethnic spiritual world,but is also a crystallization of material culture and spiritual culture createdby the ethnic group. This discussion of the digitization of the cultural resources of the Bulang,an ethnic group with a small population,can provide some experience and reference for the protection and transmission of China＇ s ethnic cultures.