BL-1型轮轨润滑成膜膏的研制及其综合性能考察

Development and Application of Model BL-1 Film-Forming Lubricating Paste for Wheel-Rail Lubrication

BL-1型轮轨润滑成膜膏是中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所为火车车轮轮缘与钢轨侧面研制的一种专用粘稠膏状润滑剂,系由润滑油脂、固体润滑剂、金属氧化物、稀土氟化物和增粘剂等配制而成,具有极高的承载能力、低的摩擦系数及良好的抗磨和抗冲击性能。其在半径约为300m的曲线钢轨上使用半年的结果表明,钢轨的平均磨损量是0.5mm,仅为机械油润滑时的1/4,材料消耗费仅为机械油的1/7,因而是一种实用价值很高的轮轨润滑剂。BL-1型轮轨润滑成膜膏的润滑效果比机械油的高两倍,可以明显地降低磨损,延长火车车轮和铁路钢轨的使用寿命,提高机车牵引动力的有效利用率。

The film-forming lubricating paste for wheel-rail lubrication in railway industry is the special-purpose lubricant. It is composed of solid lubricants, friction polymer, metal oxide, metal soap, lubricating oil,film-forming agent and tackifier. The paste has good tribological properties, under 200rpm and 49N of load on Timken tester, the friction coefficient is 0.05-0.18, the seizure load is 7840N above, the drop point is between 200 to 220℃. The needle-penetration degree is between 190 to 230.Paste on the wheel rim and the side of rail will not be frozen under -40℃, and can not be run off at 80℃. The film-forming lubricating paste can keep effective for a long period. The coated lubricating film of paste still remains continuity and entireness after 30 pairs of train passed, the effectiveness is about 10 times higher than oil lubrication. The wear of rail is 0.5mm when lubricated by paste for six months as comparison, the wear of rail is 1.9mm by oil lubrication. The expenditure of film-forming paste for curve rail is 1.43kg/km per month, it costs 36 yuan, the expenditure of oil is 97kg/km per month, the cost is 243 yuan. The good ductility and adhesion ability can make paste on one curve rail easily transferred to the two neighboring curve rails to form lubricating film, therefore one fixed film-coater can benefit three curve rails at the same time. After using the film-forming lubricating paste for a long time, the lubrication becomes even more effective and the cost should be further decreased, because a very thin, but dense surface film was formed. This lubricating paste can be coated onto the side of curve rail and the wheel rim with the fixed film-coater and vehicle-type wheel rimcoater. The combination of these two methods gives a ideal solution for keeping a good lubricating state of wheel-rail. Not only were the wear of rail and wheel-tyre decreased and the sevice life prolonged by 2-3 times, but also the traction power (electricity and coal) of train was decreased.