刺参养殖池塘底泥理化指标和细菌数量变化的检测

Variation of physicochemical indices and bacterial numbers in sediment of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds

通过检测刺参养殖池塘底泥的6项理化指标和8类细菌数量,研究了山东省莱州刺参养殖池塘底质的周年变化规律。实验结果显示,底泥的pH值和氧化还原电位变化趋势相同,变化范围分别为(7.15±0.40)^(7.80±0.21)和(42.8±85.5)^(-351.0±61.5)mV。硫化物的变化趋势与pH值和氧化还原电位相反,其含量变化范围为(47.66±47.01)^(496.12±418.57)μg/g(干重)。总氮、总磷和有机碳含量变化范围分别为(457.42±103.40)^(865.83±187.85)、(166.83±17.12)^(241.32±27.21)μg/g和0.27%±0.08%~0.37%±0.10%。异养细菌、弧菌和芽孢杆菌数量的变化范围分别为(3.27±5.55)×105^(6.41±8.48)×106、(5.39±4.32)×103^(1.62±2.01)×105和(1.31±1.57)×104^(7.57±1.66)×104 CFU/g。氨化细菌、反硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌数量的变化范围分别为(6.80±1.16)×105^(1.31±1.64)×107个/g、(2.67±2.48)×103^(5.11±5.88)×104个/g和(8.08±8.99)×10^(1.45±1.73)×103个/g,氨化细菌和反硝化细菌在1年内的变化趋势相同。硫还原细菌和硫氧化细菌数量的变化范围分别为(5.62±5.53)×102^(7.22±5.52)×104个/g和(6.50±5.17)×101^(1.00±1.16)×104个/g,两种细菌数量在一年内的变化趋势相反。研究表明,底泥的氧化还原电位与硫氧化细菌数量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),硫化物含量分别与芽孢杆菌、反硝化细菌、氨化细菌及硫还原细菌的数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),有机碳含量与硫还原细菌的数量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。刺参养殖池塘底泥的多项理化指标和细菌数量之间显著相关,关系复杂。

Annual variation of sediment quality in the Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds in Laizhou, Shandong Province, was studied by measuring six physicochemical indices and eight kinds of bacteria. The results showed that the physicochemical indices and bacterial numbers kept changing throughout the year. The variation trends of pH value and redox poten tial of sediment in the ponds were similar, in the ranges of （7.15±0.40）-（7.80±0.21） and （42.8±85.5）-（ -351. 0±61. 5） m V, respectively. Meanwhile, the variation of sulfide concentration was in the range of （47.66±47.01）-（496.12±418.57）μgl g （dry weight）. The飞rana tion ranges of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon were （457.42±103.40） （865. 83±187. 85）μgig, 066.83±17.12）-（241. 32±27. 21）μgig, and （0.27±0.08） %-（0.37 ±0.10） %,respectively. The numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrios and Bacillus varied in the ranges of （3. 27±5. 55 X 105 ）-（ 6.41±8.48 X 10%, （5. 39±4. 32 X 103 ）-（ 1.62±2.01 X 105）, and （1.31±1. 57 X 104 ）-（7.57±1. 66X104）CFU/g, respectively. The numbers of am monifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and nitrite bacteria were （6. 80 ± 1.16 Xl 05） -（ 1.31 ± 1.64X107）,（2.67v2.48X103）-（5.11±5.88X10%, and （8.08±8.99 X 101）一（1. 45±1. 73 X 10＇） celli g, respectively. The annual variation trends of ammonifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were same. The numbers of sulphur-reducing bacteria and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria varied in the ranges of （5. 62土5. 53X102）-C7. 22±5. 52 X 104） and C 6. 50土5. 17 X 101 ）-0.00 ±1.16 X 104） celllg, respectively, and they showed a contrary annual variation trend. The study suggests that there were significant positive correlations between redox potential and the number of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria （P〈0. 01）, between sulfide concentration and the number of Bacillus, denitrifying bacteria, and sulphur-reducing bacteria （P〈0. 01）, and between concent rations of organic carbon and the number of sulphur-reducing bacteria （P〈O. 0日, respec tively. The study suggests that there are significant correlations and complex relationships a mong various physicochemical indices and bacterial numbers in the A. jaρonicus culture ponds.