高碘高氟地区儿童智力及碘氟代谢水平的调查研究

The study of children's intelligence and metabolism levels of iodine and fluoride

目的 调查研究高碘高氟地区儿童智力水平及碘氟代谢对此的影响。方法 对高碘高氟病区，非病区（对照组）采用整群抽样的方法，再分别抽取８～１４岁儿童进行智力及碘氟代谢检测。结果 高碘高氟病区居民甲状腺肿患病率为４．２１％，儿童肿大率为２９．８７％；氟斑牙居民患病率为３７．８１％，儿童为７２．０１％；儿童平均ＩＱ为７５．８９±７．７４（Ｐ＞０．０５），智力低下者占１６．６２％。尿碘、尿氟分别为８１４．２１±１．７８μｇ／Ｌ和 ２． ０９±１． ０３ｍｇ／Ｌ，明显高于对照组。甲状腺吸１３１碘率值明显低于对照组，３ｈ、２４ｈ的值分别为９．３１±１．５４％和９．２３±４．５８％。血清ＴＳＨ值（Ｐ＜０．０１），明显高于对照组。结论 饮用高碘高氟对人的机体有严重的危害性，改水是防治发病的根本措施。

Objective To study the level of children's intelligence and the effects of iodine and fluorine metabolism. Methods We separately randomly selected 8-14 years old children as study population in areas where the iodine and fluorine concentration were high and low, measured the children's intelligence, as well as metabolism levels of the iodine and fluorine. Results The gotter diseases morbidity of exposure group of all age population was 4. 21 %, the morbidity of children was 29. 87%; the morbidities of linical skeletal fluorosis were 37. 81% in all age group and 72. 01% in children; the average IQ level of exposed children was 75. 89 ± 7. 74, there was no significant difference between two groups. In exposure group the average concentrations of iodine and fluoride in urine were 814. 21± 1.78μg/L and 2. 09 ±1. 003mg/L separately, significantly higher than the control group. The absorption rate of 131I was lower than the control group, the value were 9. 31 ±1. 54% and 9. 23 ±4. 58% at 3 hours and 24 hours after intake131I. The average serum TSH level of exposure group was significantly higher than the control group(P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion It is hazardous to health to drink water which iodine and fluoride concentration higher than drinking water standard, the method to prevent these diseases etiologically is to improve drinking water quality.