膜下滴灌毛管配置对棉花冠层特性及产量的影响

Effect of Capillary Configuration on Canopy Characteristics and Cotton Yield

研究膜下滴灌不同毛管配置方式下滴水量对棉花冠层结构与功能的调节效应,揭示毛管配置和滴水量对产量形成的影响机制,为干旱区发展节水高产高效农业提供依据。以‘新陆早42号’为材料,设置1管2行和1管3行2种毛管配置处理,每个处理下设限量滴灌、常规滴灌和充分滴灌处理,研究了毛管配置对不同滴灌量棉花冠层结构、群体光合速率、光合物质累积与分配产量的影响。相同毛管配置下随滴水量增加,叶面积指数增大、叶倾角变大,但滴灌量过大,群体散射辐射透过系数小,冠层结构不良,造成生育后期群体光合速率较快下降。相同滴水量下增加毛管间距,盛铃后期的叶面积指数、叶倾角和群体光合速率显著降低,群体散射辐射透过系数保持较高水平;群体干物质累积量少,但分配到生殖器官中的比例上升。生产中应依据土壤质地、气候条件,优化滴灌模式,促使生育前期叶片面积稳定上升,保持盛铃后期冠层叶片较高的光合面积和功能,可进一步挖掘膜下滴灌技术增产潜力。

The purpose of study was to investgate the adjustting effect about the amount of water dripping on canopy structure and function at drip irrigation,to reveal the mechanism of the layout on capillary configuration and mount of water on yield,and provide the basis for developing water-saving agriculture in the drought area.The material was Xinluzao 42,we set up a second line and a three lines of two capillary configuration process.Each treatment included the limited thip inigation,conventional drip inigation and full drip inigation.We made a study the machanism on capillary configuration of different drip irrigation for canopy structure,canopy photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic material accumulation and allocation.With dripping capacity increased in the same capillary configuration,increased leaf area index,leaf angle became larger,but if the drip irrigation was excessive,small groups scattered radiation transmission coefficient,canopy structure was poor,canopy photosynthetic rate declined in the late growth stage.The same amount of water dripping if increasing capillary spacing,leaf area index,leaf angle and groups photosynthetic rate decreased significantly and the groups scauered radiation to maintained a high level of permeability coefficient in the boll late; less dry matter accumulation,but assigned to the reproductive organs was increasing in the proportion.We should be based on soil texture,climatic conditions,optimization of drip irrigation patterns,prompting a steady increase the leaf area in the early growth stage,keeping canopy leaves higher leaf area and function in the boll late,to tap the production potential of drip irrigation technology in future.