‘岳阳红’苹果改良主干形光照分布与产量和品质的关系研究

Relationships between Distribution of Relative Light Intensity and Yield and Quality in Different Tree Canopy Shapes of ‘Yue Yanghong' Apple

本文以8年生岳阳红苹果为试材,采用树冠网格方法,研究了主枝量对相对光照强度、果实品质、产量、色差值的影响。结果表明,参试植株的色差值和相对光照强度都表现为树冠由下向上、由内膛向外围垂直方向向上逐渐增大;处理Ⅱ最佳相对光强度区域最大,光照分布较好;枝量较少(处理Ⅰ)和较多(处理Ⅲ)植株分别表现为强光区和弱光区过大,光照分布不合理;处理间色差值虽然有所不同,未达显着水平。主枝量对果实品质影响明显,处理Ⅱ的果实大小、硬度和糖、酸、Vc含量适宜,品质明显优于其它处理。主枝量对果实的产量及其分布影响明显,枝量越多产量越高,枝量中等植株果实分布均匀,优质果比例高,负载量合理,有助于树体的营养积累和丰产稳产。主枝数为17时,可明显改善树冠光照条件,提高果实的产量和品质,为其推广应用提供理论依据。

In this paper,taken the 8 years old apple ‘ Yueyanghong＇ as tested materials,the effects of main branch numbers on relative light intensity,fruit quality,yield and color difference were studied with crown grid method.The result showed the color difference and relative light intensity of tested plant gradually increased in the vertical direction of crown from bottom to top,from inside to outside.The plant＇ s relative light intensity of treatment Ⅱ was in the region of maximum,and light distribution was better; The quantity of branches of plants were less or more,which indicated that the weak or strong area was too large,and the light distribution was not reausmnhle.The clrmmaticm values between treatments were different,but the difference did not reach the significant level.The effect of major branches on fruit quality was significant.The plants were treated with Ⅱ,their fruit size,hardness,content of sugar,acid,Vc and quality were better than that with other treatments.The effects of the fruit branches on its yield and distribution were obvious,the more the major branches had,the higher the yield had.The plants which had more secondary quantity of branches had more uniform distribution,high quality huit rate and reasonable load,which could increase the tree nutrition accumulation and enhance the high and stable yield.The one with 17 major branches could significantly improve the canopy light conditions,increase the yield and quality of fruit,and provide a theoretical basis for its application.