正常步态周期中髋臼周围区域的应力分布及其在THA髋臼重建中的指导

Periacetabular stress distributions during normal gait cycle and its guiding function in acetabular reconstruction of THA

目的研究健康成人步态周期中髋臼周围内外应力分布基本规律,探求这些规律对全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)髋臼侧重建的临床指导作用。方法采用CT扫描获取1名男性和1名女性健康中年志愿者骨盆与股骨近端数据并构建三维模型。通过基于CT值计算材料弹性模量的非均匀材料赋值方案及其收敛性分析为各个有限元网格单元独立赋值。根据正常步态行走中髋关节接触力在步态周期中的动态变化施加载荷条件。以模型内外节点的Von Mises应力为标准进行结果判断。结果在正常步行中,从男、女志愿者髋骨外表面看,应力主要从髋臼后上方沿髂翼后外侧经坐骨大切迹传递至耳状面,应力最大值出现在坐骨大切迹附近;从男、女志愿者髋臼上、中、下3个剖面看,应力在髋臼后上方的骨皮质与骨松质均有分布,而在髋臼的前柱与后柱,应力则主要分布于骨皮质上。结论根据健康成人髋臼周围正常步态应力传递与分布规律,选择更合适大小的髋臼假体以及更精确地控制髋臼假体的安放位置有助于获得更符合正常步态应力分布的髋臼重建方案。

Objective To study the basic regular patterns of stress distributions inside and outside periacetabular districts during normal gait cycle of healthy adults, so as to provide clinical guidance for acetabular reconstruction of total hip arthroplasty （THA）. Methods Based on CT scans of a male and a female healthy adult volunteer, The three-dimensional model including pelvis and proximal femur was reconstructed. By using an inhomogeneous material distribution scheme which was based on CT data to calculate elastic modulus and convergence analysis, each element was given a corresponding material attribute. The dynamic change of hip contact force during a normal gait cycle was used as the load condition to the model. Von Mises stress of the nodes inside and outside the model was considered as the criterion to assess the results. Results During normal gait, the stress on the hip surface of two volunteers was mainly transmitted from postersuperior part of acetabulum to auricular surface along posterolateral of iliac wing, and the maximum stress was at the district near greater sciatic. As for the superior, middle and inferior section of two volunteers＇ acetabulum, the stress was distributed both on cortical and cancellous bone of postersuperior part. However, in terms of acetabular anterior and posterior column, the stress distribution was mainly found on cortical bone. Conclusions According to the observed acetabular stress distribution pattern of health adults during normal gait cycle, choosing acetabular component with more suitable size and controlling the placement of acetabular component with more accuracy could obtain some acetabular reconstruction plan better in accordance with stress distributions during normal gait.