果蝇在肿瘤学研究中的优势及应用前景

The applications and advantages of Drosophila melanogaster in cancer research

果蝇作为研究人类疾病的模式生物,与哺乳动物不仅在基本的生物学、生理学和神经系统机能等方面比较相似,而且果蝇有其作为模式生物的独特优势。近年来的研究表明,果蝇和人类在肿瘤发生信号通路等方面的保守性很高,而且果蝇具有很强的遗传学可操作性,是肿瘤学研究有效的模型之一,可用于研究人类肿瘤发生、发展、转移等分子机制。文章综述了果蝇在肿瘤学研究中的优势、已建立的用于研究特定癌症的果蝇模型,并对其在未来肿瘤学的研究方向进行展望,以期为国内肿瘤学研究和抗肿瘤药物的研发提供参考。

The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used to study human disease as a model organism for many years. Many basic biological, physiological, and neurological properties are conserved between mammals and fly. Moreover, Drosophila melanogaster has its unique advantage as a model organism. Recent studies showed that the high level of signaling pathway conservation in tumorigenesis between fly and human and its feasible genetic operation make fly an effective model for oncology research. Numerous research findings showed Drosophila melanogaster was an ideal mod el for studying the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. This review mainly focuses on the advantages of Drosophila melanogaster in cancer research, established models used for the research of specific cancers and prospective research direction of oncology. It is hoped that this paper can provide insight for cancer research and develop ment of anti-cancer drugs.