动物microRNA-181的功能与应用前景

The function and application of animal microRNA-181

mieroRNA（miRNA）是一类短的、进化上高度保守的非蛋白编码RNA，长度一般为17～25个核苷酸，通过阻止靶mRNA的翻译或与之互补配对诱导靶基因降解来调控其表达。文章简要总结了microRNA-181（miR-181）在动物细胞增殖、凋亡和分化中的作用和调控机制，探讨了miR-181对淋巴细胞的增生分化、自身免疫、炎症和抗病毒等方面的免疫调控作用，并简要分析了miR-181在肿瘤发生发展、诊断、治疗和预后等方面的功能与价值，最后对miR-181的应用前景进行了探讨。研究miR-181家族成员的功能对于理解生命活动机制、疾病发生发展和找到诊治相关疾病的新方法等都具有重要的意义。

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a type of non-coding RNAs which are short （17-25nt） and highly conservative in evolution. They can regulate gene expression by preventing target mRNA translation or inducing degradation via oligonu cleotides complementary to target mRNA. Here, we briefly summarize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of mi croRNA-181 （miR-181） in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, and discuss the miR-181-mediated regulation of immune response in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, autoimmunity, inflammation and virus infection. Also, we analyze the functions of miR-181 in tumorigenesis, tumor development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Finally, we discuss the application prospects of miR-181. The functional studies of miR-181 family members have important signifi cance in understanding the mechanisms of biological events, pathogenesis of diseases, and finding new ways to diagnose and treat related diseases.