丛枝菌根真菌和施氮量对茶树生长、矿质元素吸收与茶叶品质的影响

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nitrogen Regimes on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Tea Quality in Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze

采用盆栽法研究了不同施氮水平下接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌Glomus mosseae对茶树生长、矿质元素吸收及茶叶品质的影响。结果表明,适量的施氮利于AM真菌的侵染和菌根发育,当施氮过量时则会抑制菌根发育。在不同施氮水平下接种AM真菌均提高了茶树地上部、地下部和总干物质量,其中又以接种AM真菌同时施氮量为0.53g?kg-1的茶树总干物质量最大,为对照的1.63倍。不同矿质元素受AM真菌和氮肥的影响不一致,在一定施氮水平下接种AM真菌可提高茶树叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Zn和Fe含量,降低Mn和Cu含量;显著增加根中N、P、K、Mg和Zn含量,降低Mn含量,施高浓度的氮(1.06 g?kg-1)显著降低了根系Ca和Fe含量。不同施氮水平下AM真菌处理可增加茶叶中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高了茶叶中茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸和水浸出物含量,降低酚氨比,显著改善茶叶品质。本实验条件下,茶树施氮量为0.53 g?kg-1时,接种AM真菌改善茶叶品质的效果最佳。

The effects of inoculation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungus Glomus mosseae on the growth and uptake of mineral nutrients of tea plant（Camellia sinensis）,and the quality of tea under different nitrogen（N） application levels were investigated using the pot-culture method.The results indicated that the AM fungi promoted the growth of tea plant,including plant height,aboveground and underground biomass.Moreover,tea plants inoculated with AM fungi and applied with N 0.53 g kg-1had the largest dry weight.Both inoculation and N applications increased nutrient acquisition,especially the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Zn and Fe in leaves and N,P,K,Mg and Zn in roots,while Mn and Cu contents in leaves and Mn contents in roots were decreased compared to uninoculated and non-fertilizer treatments.The contents of Ca and Fe in roots were decreased under high level of nitrogen（1.06 g kg-1）.The concentration of soluble sugar,soluble protein,amino acids,caffeine,polyphenols and water-soluble substances in leaves increased,but the polyphenols/amino acids in leaves decreased in inoculated plants under different nitrogen levels.It indicated that the quality of tea was improved by inoculation with AM fungi under different nitrogen levels.Inoculation effect of AM fungi was the best with N level of 0.53 g kg-1in this experiment.