仿生防污材料的研究进展

Progress and Prospect of Antifouling Materials Based on Biomimetic Technology

船舶表面的生物污损会带来极大的危害,如何防除生物污损已成为一个世界难题。尽管氧化亚铜等有毒防污剂可以有效防止海生物的附着污损,但这类防污剂对非目标生物也具有负面作用,可能带来严重的生态问题。随着国际社会对有毒防污剂和海洋环境的日益关注,发展环境友好型防污材料已势在必行。人们经常观察到自然界许多生物并没有被其它生物种类寄生聚居,这是因为在自然界中生物自身存在着各不相同但极为有效的防污机制,包括化学性质、物理性质、机械清理、生活习性,以及各种防污机制的组合等,这为研制环境友好型仿生防污材料提供了依据。综述海洋环境中仿生防污材料的研究进展,重点介绍了基于生物防污剂、表面微结构、水凝胶、抗蛋白吸附等特性进行防污的仿生材料研究,并阐述了我国在该领域已经取得的重要技术突破和主要技术成果,展望了仿生防污技术的发展趋势。

Biofouling on the surfaces of ship hulls can bring about some unwanted and detrimental consequences, arid it has been recognized as a widespread problem. Toxic compounds, such as copper-based antifoulant, can prevent the hap- pening of biological fouling, but they have negative impacts on non-target organisms and lead to detrimental ecological effects, thus it is necessary to develop new eco-friendly fouling-resistant materials. It is often observed that many plants and animals don＇ t experience biological fouling. Their antifouling methods usually come from chemical, physical, me- chanical, behavioral or combinatorial mechanisms. Natural antifouling mechanisms may be used as the basis for antifouling materials, and most attention has been devoted to designs based on natural antifoulants, microtopography, hydrogel and protein-resistance. The progress of biomimetic antifouling materials with natural antifoulants and various surface features, such as microtopography, hydrogel and protein-resistance, are introduced. Additionally, some significant research results on biomimetic antifouling materials in china are also presented, and the development trend of this field in the future is prospected.