海洋工程阴极保护技术发展评述

Review on Cathodic Protection for Marine Structures

海洋属苛刻的腐蚀环境,腐蚀是影响海洋工程结构物服役性能和使用寿命的关键因素。阴极保护和涂层等手段相结合是防止海水中金属结构物腐蚀的有效方法。根据提供保护电流方式的不同,阴极保护分为牺牲阳极和外加电流阴极保护两种方法。牺牲阳极方法简单可靠,但阳极材料用量大,且要较为精确的设计。外加电流阴极保护方法可以实现自动控制,通过自动调整输出电流的大小,使被保护的结构物表面处于设定的保护电位范围。这里对海洋工程阴极保护技术的发展状况进行了较为系统的评述,介绍了海洋工程用牺牲阳极材料和外加电流阴极保护系统,分析了适用于不同强度级别结构材料的阴极保护电位范围,阐述了阴极保护优化设计技术,尤其是数值模拟技术的发展和应用状况,并讨论了海洋工程阴极保护监检测技术。最后,指出了海洋工程阴极保护技术未来的发展方向。

Corrosion in harsh marine environment is a fatal factor influencing the performance and service life of a marine structure. Cathodic protection in combination with other methods like coating is a very effective way to mitigate the corro- sion of metallic structures in sea water. According to the different ways of protective current, cathodic protection is divided into two methods, including sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic protection. Sacrificial anode method is simple and reliable, but needs large amount of anode materials, and more accurate design. Impressed current cathodic protection method can realize the automatic control, making the protected structure always in the set range of potential by the auto- matic adjustment of current output . This review deals with the state-of-the-art of cathodic protection technology for marine engineering structures, including sacrificial anode materials and impressed current cathodic protection system for marine structures, the criteria of cathodic protection potential for alloyed steels with different strength, the cathodic protection mo- nitoring as well as the development and application of the design method for optimization, especially, the numerical simu- lation design approach. Finally, the trend of development of cathodic protection for marine structures has been discussed.