重症病房输血不良反应现状调查分析

Adverse reactions of transfusion in ICU

目的通过对重症病房输血不良反应现状的调查、分析和统计，将各类成分用血输血不良反应的发生情况进行对比分析，从而提高医护人员对输血不良反应的认识能力和应急处理能力。方法选择2010年2月至2013年2月我院重症病房发生不同种类输血不良反应的69例患者作为观察对象，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果不同血液制品成分都会出现不同程度的输血不良反应，其中主要为冰冻血浆（2．02％），与其他血液制品种类不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而主要不良反应类型为过敏反应（37．68％）和发热（47．83％）；输血不良反应与输血次数呈正比，即随着输血次数的增加，发生输血不良反应的几率不断上升。结论多种血液制品均能够导致输血不良反应的发生，其中冰冻血浆比例最大，输血不良反应以非溶血性发热反应和过敏反应为主，输血次数越多，患者越容易发生输血不良反应，临床中应适当加以防范。

Objective To improve the staff＇ s ability realizing the adverse reactions of transfusion and emergency handling ability comparing and analyzing the adverse reactions of transfusion caused by various blood components through the investigation and analysis of the adverse reactions of transfusion in ICU. Methods 69 patients with adverse reactions of transfusion caused by various blood components were selected from the ICU of our hospital from February, 2011 to February, 2013 as observation objects. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results All blood components could cause adverse reactions of transfusion. Among the 69 patients with adverse reactions of transfusion, mainly, 2.02% were caused by frozen plasma. There were statistical differences between the adverse reactions of transfusion caused by frozen plasma and other blood components（P 〈 0.05）. The main adverse reaction types were allergic reactions（37.68%） and fever（47.83%）. Adverse reactions of transfusion positively correlated with transfusion times, which meant that the incidence of adverse reactions of transfusion increased with transfusion times. Conclusions Many blood products, mainly frozen plasma, can lead to adverse reactions of transfiusion. Non-hemolytic fever and allergic reaction are main adverse reations of transfusion. The incidence of adverse reactions of transfusion increases with transfusion times.