抗IgE单克隆抗体奥马珠单抗治疗哮喘的研究进展

Research progress of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab in the treatment of asthma

哮喘是由免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)抗体介导的超敏反应性疾病,其症状发生和气道高反应性与IgE密切相关。奥马珠单抗是重组人源化抗IgE单克隆抗体,能与血清中的游离IgE特异性结合,剂量依赖性地降低游离IgE水平。通过阻断IgE与其受体的结合、降低IgE与其受体的亲和力、阻止嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞脱颗粒、抑制炎症细胞的激活和炎症介质的释放,奥马珠单抗可明显改善哮喘症状评分、减少哮喘急性发作、减少口服或吸入糖皮质激素的用量、改善哮喘患者的生活质量。奥马珠单抗的疗效已得到临床试验的证实,且其耐受性良好。

Asthma is an allergic disease mediated by immunoglobulin E （IgE） antibodies and the occurrence of its symptoms and the airway hyperresponsiveness are closely related to IgE. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, which speciifcally combines with free IgE in serum and lowers the level of free IgE in a dose-dependent manner. By blocking the combination of IgE with its receptors and reducing the afifnity of IgE receptor, omalizumab can prevent degranulation of basophils and mast cells and inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory mediators. Omalizumab can obviously improve the scores of asthma symptoms, reduce the acute asthma attacks, lower the dosages of oral or inhaled corticosteroids and improve the life quality of the asthma patients. The treatment effect of omalizumab has been conifrmed by the clinical trials and its tolerance is well.