福建省台风灾害链空间特征分析

Spatial Characteristics of Typhoon Disaster Chains in Fujian Province

根据历史台风灾害资料,建立台风灾害灾情数据集,在分析福建省台风灾害成灾机制的基础上,结合前人的研究成果,构建福建省台风灾害链模式,建立历史台风灾害链判别依据,获得历史台风灾害链空间分布图,结合各县市距离海岸线的距离和台风移动路径,分析其空间特征.结果表明:福建省以台风-暴雨灾害链分布最广泛,全省的每个县市都有出现,自东向西逐渐减少,并形成南北两个高密度区域;台风-大风灾害链的分布也较广泛,但以闽中山脉以东的沿海地区更为集中;台风-风暴潮灾害链主要分布于东部临海的县市.不同移动路径的台风灾害链影响特点各异,登陆广东类台风主要给闽西南地区带来狂风和暴雨影响;北部登陆类、穿台入闽类和直接登陆类台风均会给福建带来狂风、暴雨和风暴潮灾害,但影响区域不同.

Typhoon disaster database was created according to the historical typhoon records during 1950 - 2000 in Fujian province. The pattern of typhoon disaster chains and the criteria for i dentifying category of typhoon disaster chains were defined based on the typhoon disaster mechanism analysis and previous studies. In consequence, all the historical typhoon disaster chains were iden tified and projected onto a map with the typhoon landing positions and the distances to the coastline for each counties and cities of Fujian. The spatial analysis indicate that： The typhoon-rainstorm dis aster chain is the most widespread and it affected all the counties and cites. Its frequency decreases gradually from east to west, and there are two high-frequency areas in the north and south of Fujian. The typhoon-strong wing disaster chain is widespread as well. But the majority of affected areas dis tributed in the coastal regions east of the central mountains. The typhoon-storm surge disaster chain is mainly distributed in the eastern coastal cities and counties. The typhoon disaster chains of differ ent track patterns of typhoon landing have different characteristics. The catezorv of tvohoon, landing Guangdong would lead to strong wind and heavy rains to the southwestern Fujian. All the ty phoons, landing northern, moving through Taiwan to land Fujian and direct landing Fujian would result in strong wind, heavy rain and storm surge disasters, although the impact regions are differ ent.