小儿过敏性紫癜临床特征及其与肾损害关系的探讨

Study on the clinical features of allergic purpura in children and the relationship with the renal damage

目的探讨小儿过敏性紫癜(HSP)的临床特征,并分析其与肾损害的关系。方法选择住院确诊为HSP的936例患儿的临床资料行回顾性分析。结果 HSP男性病例数多于女性,学龄前及学龄期儿童发病率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);发病有季节性分布的特点,第1、4季度发病较多;皮肤型发病率占首位,腹型次之;回、汉民族分布差异无统计学意义;发病诱因中以呼吸道感染及食物过敏较多。分析显示皮疹持续时间、皮疹是否反复、年龄、胃肠道症状、关节症状、是否用肝素治疗、血浆IGg、PLT等在肾损害组和尿检正常组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论发病时年龄≥6岁、皮疹反复、皮疹持续时间长、胃肠道症状、关节症状、未使用肝素治疗等患儿易发生过敏性紫癜肾损害,对有以上临床特征的HSP患儿更应加强随访。

Objective To analyze Henoch Schonlein purpura （HSP） clinical characteristics, and the relationship with kidney damage In children. Methods The clinical data of 936 children with HSP in our hospital was analyzed retrospectively. Results Boys, preschool and school age children had a higher prevalence in HSP （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; The first and fourth quarters had higher incidence; The incidence rate of cutaneous was of first place, followed by abdominal; Hui and Han ethnic distribution had no significant difference; Re spiratory infections and food allergies were more common in all predisposing factors of HSP. The results showed that the duration of the rash, the rash being repeated, age, gastrointestinal symptoms, joint symptoms and whether with heparin therapy, IgG and PLT between the two groups were significantly different （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The older onset age, recurrent rash, rash last longer, and gastroin testinal symptoms, joint symptoms, and without use of heparin allergic purpura are risk factors for kidney damage. So children with HSP with more those factors should be strengthen follow up.