政策因素对局地家庭土地利用决策的影响——以乌审旗为例

Effect of Policy Factors on Land Use Decision of Local Households——A Case Study in Uxin Banner,Inner Mongolia,China

通过对内蒙古乌审旗农牧民家庭的问卷调查,从局地尺度上探究禁牧政策对家庭土地利用决策的影响,以及家庭土地利用方式对政策变化的响应。结果表明:①在政策作用下,农牧民家庭根据其传统的土地利用方式,采取不同的土地利用决策;②禁牧政策通过限制家庭土地利用活动,在该地区的生态恢复过程中起了很大的作用,家庭对政策的适应是一种有限的"主动适应"过程;③家庭的年龄结构对土地利用决策产生影响,年轻家庭的决策比较大胆,年老家庭的决策趋于保守。因此,在制定政策时,应充分考虑农牧民家庭土地利用方式不同及自然环境条件的差异,如对人工草场应进行适度的补贴,提供圈养舍饲相关的技术培训和服务。

It is essential that local knowledge is incorporated into decision making and policy analysis and formu lation through the collection of information about land use strategies and their affecting factors at household level. In particular, policy decision of local land use often plays a critical role in land cover change and also in mitigating land degradation and promoting sustainable development in dry-land regions. Our survey was carried out to under- stand the response of local land management for changing policies. Specifically, our questionnaire was designed to assess the response to the grazing prohibition policy and its effects on land use measures. The results suggested that： Households took the different land use measures in response to policy changes; Policy factors affected strongly the vegetation recovery because it restricted certain land use practices of farmers and herdsmen ; The age structure of households affected the land use decision, and the decision of young families was more active than that of senior families. Different land use types and environmental conditions of households should be considered when a land use policy is formulated. Furthermore, the improvement and management of natural resources and artificial rangelands should be subsidized, and the techniques of feeding sheep in pens should be provided to farmers and herdsmen.