中国与巴西海上油气发展比较研究

Comparison research on offshore oil and gas development of China and Brazil

中国、巴西同属"金砖"国家,基本国情有很多相似之处,海上油气发展前景十分广阔——中国海上资源占总资源量的三分之一、产量占总产量的四分之一,巴西油气产量的九成以上来自海上,深水盐下潜力巨大。两国海上油气事业起点相近,但发展速度差距较大,目前中国全面掌握浅水技术,深水技术取得重要进展;巴西经过连续攻关,深水、超深水技术国际领先,全面掌握2 000 m水深技术,进入3 000 m时代。中国近期出台了两个中长期发展规划,尚缺少具体配套措施;巴西有法律保障研发投入,一直坚持"本地化"(LC)政策,支持技术发展的措施力度大、落实到位。本文在全面分析比较的基础上提出了3点具体建议。

Both China and Brazil belong to BRICS countries. Their national fundamental situ-ations are very similar. The offshore oil and gas development perspectives are all very broad. Chinese offshore resources are one third of total resources and one quarter of total production. More than 90 % Brazilian oil production is offshore and potential resources in deep water are very huge. The starting points of offshore oil and gas industry of two countries are similar,but the developing speeds are sharply different. China has grasped the shallow water offshore tech-nologies,achieved important progress in deep water field. Brazil implemented continual re-search plans,the deep/ultra-deep water technologies are internationally advanced,the 2 000 m water depth technology has been grasped comprehensively and marching onto 3 000 m period. China released two mid-long development plans,but there are no specific measurements yet. Brazil has related laws guaranteeing research and development investment,and adheres“local content”（LC）policy all the way and the supporting measurements are strong. Basing on ana-lyzing and comparing offshore oil and gas development of the two countries,three specific sug-gestions are delivered.