我国基本公共服务现状的实证分析

Analysis of Present Situation of Basic Public Service in China

基本公共服务是当前我国政府执政实践和学界理论探讨的热点。近年来,我国在社会保障、教育和卫生保健基本公共服务的财政支出逐渐增长,但仍显著低于其他世界主要国家,且存在支出结构失衡的问题。另外,我国的基本公共服务也存在着区域间的不均衡,一方面体现在城乡间的差距,另一方面体现在不同地区间的差异。比如占全国人口4.2%的北京、天津、上海享受着全国15%以上的教育、社会保障和医疗资源。为提高我国基本公共服务水平,鉴于不同地区的能力和效率差异,相对于基本公共服务投入的增加,合理的供给机制、多元的供给主体、灵活的结构体系和高效的分配制度更有助于我国基本公共服务体系的建设。

Currently, basic public service is a hot topic in the government＇s ruling practice and the theoretic discussion. In recent years, China＇s fiscal spending for social security, education and health care increased gradual- ly, but was still significantly lower than that of other major countries in the world, and there is a problem of the imbalance in the structure of expenditures. In addition, uneven basic public service exists among regions, and it is, on one hand, reflected in the gap between urban and rural areas, and on the other hand, in the differences between various regions. For example, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, accounting for 4.2~ of the country＇s population, enjoy more than 15~ of the nation＇s resources of education, social security and health care. In order to improve basic level of public service of the whole country, in view of different capacity and efficiency of different regions, a reasonable mechanism of supply, diversity of suppliers, flexible structures and efficient distribution systems are more helpful than the increase of input in basic public service.