民族地区生态移民社会适应性研究——以贵州扶贫生态移民工程为例

Research on the Social Adaptation of Ecological Migration in Minority Areas——Taking Ecological Migration Programs of Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou as an Example

生态移民社会适应性是指因生存环境变迁,移民对象为了适应新的环境而对心理状态和行为方式的调适过程。贵州扶贫生态移民具有突出生态环境保护、民族团结进步、集中连片特困地区的扶贫开发以及移民社会适应性基础条件等方面的特征。生态移民面临生产方式改变难、生活消费适应难、风俗习惯融合难以及社会交往认同难等社会适应性问题,需要政府采取一定的措施,确保移民"搬得出、留得住、可发展、能致富"目标的实现。

The social adaptation of ecological migrants refers to their psychological and behavior adjustment to new environ- ment after resettlement. Ecological migration of poverty alleviation in Guizhou province features the highlight of ecological environmental protection, advancement of ethnic unity, poverty alleviation and development in poverty concentrated areas and basic conditions of resettlers＇ social adaptation etc. Ecological migrants face many difficulties in their social adaptation arising from changes of their original production modes, adaptation of new living and consumption styles, acculturation of customs and manners and cultural identification in social intercourse etc. Governments at all levels should take a series of measures to ensure that ecological migrants can ＂move out, settle down, develop and gradually become rich. ＂