巫风武影:南部侗族“抬官人”挖掘整理的田野调查报告

Wizard Wind and Martial Shadow:The Field Investigation Report of Exploring and Constructing the Southern Dong “Lift Officer”

应用体育人类学的方法论,借助田野调查、义理辞章考据与阐释人类学的深描理论,挖掘整理此前未被体育界重视的南部侗族①"抬官人"项目。研究首先观察、记录了发现"抬官人"的过程,之后经过多重考据认为,"抬官人"肇始于贵州双江乡黄岗村,结合两次田野调查获取的体质数据与相关数据进行比较,认为节庆民族传统体育参与者的体质指标优于同类人群的原因,可能是因为获取优胜而经过择优选拔。研究认为,"抬官人"所采用的肩扛动作区别于西方竞技项目动作特征,具有东方原生态体育的典型特点,现场采集的侗族武术也与传统武术动作既存在联系,又有区别。通过文化史的反思,对"抬官人"巫祭仪式、武舞意蕴进行文化解析,发现"抬官人"遗存的祖先崇拜不仅包括始祖母"萨岁",还包括与当地侗寨有血缘关系的男性祖先,印证了考古学母系氏族社会向父系氏族社会转变的假说,分析其傩文化特征,认为"抬官人"是具有巫术性质的武术与舞蹈的萌芽活动。最后,通过体育元素与时代特征的分析,对"抬官人"的未来发展进行规划。

The application of sports anthropology theory, by means of deep description theory of field investigation, argumentation textual criticism and interpretive anthropology, this paper ex- plores and constructs that have not previously been sports circles of the southern Dong ＂lift of- ricer＂ project. The first observation, recording the discovery process ＂lift officer＂, after multi- ple textual criticism that ＂lift officer＂ originated from Huang Gang village with ＂lift officer＂ participants physical measurement data of field investigation two times, compared with the re- lated data, that ＂reason for raising man＂ body mass index than other participants people may be because winning through preferential .~clection, research and analysis of ＂ raising man＂ shoulder to shoulder action, that action is different from the western sports action, typically with oriental original ecological sports, the martial arts collection also has the obvious differ- ence with the traditional martial arts action. Research by the reflection of cultural history,the cultural analysis of ＂lift officer＂ sacrificial rites, Wizard wind and martial shadow implication, that ＂lift officer＂ is a martial arts and dance with witchcraft bud activity.