北京市汽车产业价值链地域分工研究

The Study of Territorial Division of Auto Industry Value Chain in Beijing

以北京为样本城市,综合汽车产业组织特点和数据可获得性,将其划分为一般零部件、核心零部件、汽车车身和挂车制造、汽车整车制造、改装汽车制造和汽车修理6个环节,运用空间分析、生态位宽度和系统聚类分析方法,分析北京汽车产业价值链地域分工特征及形成原因。研究发现:①从平均利润、销售利润率来看,北京汽车产业价值链主要环节利润分布分别呈对称倒"U"型、"波型"曲线特征。②汽车整车生产与改装环节空间分布集中,汽车零部件及配件制造布局分散。③一般零部件与核心零部件环节、改装汽车制造与汽车修理环节空间布局具有较高相似性。④地域分工形成原因主要包括市场导向、政府调控和产业关联作用。

The paper took Beijing as an example ,which was the most promising core city in northern China in the develop- ment of auto industry. According to the producing process and the availability of data,the auto industry value chain was di- vided into six parts ,namely the parts manufacturing （PM）,the core parts manufacturing （CPM）,the vehicle body and wail- er manufacturing （VBTM）,the complete vehicle manufacturing （CVM）, the re - assembled vehicle manufacturing （RVM） and vehicle repair （VR）. Using spatial analysis, niche width and cluster analysis analyzed the characteristics and the main factors of territorial division of auto industry value chain in Beijing. The study found that： （1） The value distribution of Beijing auto industry value chain indexed by average profit and profit margin fitted symmetrical inverted ＂U＂ shape and wave-shaped curve.（2）The spatial distribution of CVM part and RVM part were agglomerated.However, PM part, CPM part and VBTM part were scattered.（3）The phenomenon of coupling PM part and CPM part, RVM part and VR part exhibited higher similarity.（4）The main factors that influenced the spatial distribution were market orientation,government control, industry linkages.