张掖灌区聚落与水土资源空间耦合关系研究

The Spatial Coupling Relationship between Settlements and Land-Water Resources in Zhangye Irrigation Districts

应用标准差椭圆和邻近距离指数分析模型,对张掖绿洲3个典型灌区的居民点、渠系和水浇地的空间分布模式进行了系统分析。结果表明:渠系、聚落和水浇地空间分布的标准差椭圆均以该要素的重心为中心,存在着高度的空间耦合性,其中渠系是关键的和基础性因素。在沿山独立灌区(新坝灌区):渠系—水浇地空间分布模式基本重合,空间分布走向一致,居民点空间分布模式在西北方向边缘部分略微收缩,说明渠系与水浇地空间耦合性更强。在绿洲边缘灌区(平川灌区):居民点—渠系—水浇地空间分布模式基本重合。在典型的绿洲核心灌区(盈科灌区):渠系、水浇地空间分布模式基本重合,而与居民点存在较大差异,说明水土资源与聚落的空间耦合性较差。从三类灌区总体特征来考察,可以发现,从沿山独立灌区(新坝灌区)到绿洲边缘区灌区(平川灌区)再到绿洲中腹灌区,水浇地、道路和渠系斑块所占比例在逐步提高,说明水、土地开发强度在增大,廊道作用越来越明显;居民点与水浇地、渠系(道路)之间的最邻近距离在缩短,说明居民点与水土资源之间的关系更密切。

Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in the arid northwest China. Arid inland basin lies in the water,the core area is an oasis. You can also say that it is a complex interdependence of Irrigation District,through spatial integration after the formation of the modern oasis. Under the strong control and guidance of the artificial canal system,water supply quantity determines Irrigation District, and irrigated land determines population carrying capacity, so water-soil-human systems exist a high degree of interdependence and symbiosis. One of the factors beyond the reasonable range, will be a profound impact on the system-wide coordination and stability as well as the direction of succes- sion. Using spatial autocorrelation model, the paper interpreted the pattern of spatial organization between the water-soil resources and settlements ,~Ihe results showed that：qhe centers of standard deviation oval of the canal system, settlements and irrigated land are the centers of gravity of thore elements, show spatial distribution characteristic of the elements of Irrigation Districts integrated with each other. In the hillside independent Irrigation District （Xinba Irrigation Districts）： spatial patterns of irrigated land and canal systems substantially coincide ; compared with canal systems-irrigated land, the spatial patterns of settlements slightly shrink in the northwest direction , instructions canal systems and irrigated land have more spatial coupling relationship. Pingchuan Irrigation District in edge of the Oasis ,spatial distribution patterns of settle- ments ,canal systems and irrigated land are coincidence. Yingke Irrigation District （in a oasis core） , spatial distribution patterns of canal systems and irrigated land are coincidence ,but there is a big difference with the settlements, described that the spatial coupling settlements with soil and water resources are poor.