庄子的鱼和老子的牙——比较文学古今、中西参照的方法论

Methodology in Comparative Literature

比较文学的研究要在古今、中西的参照中进行。以对鲁迅的研究而言,鲁迅最得庄子"鱼之乐"的回忆散文《从百草园到三味书屋》往往被"东倒西歪"的理论误读。进入鲁迅的本真生命过程就可以发现,从百草园走进三味书屋,是鲁迅从童年迈向成人、铸造成思想和文学巨匠的第一步。而对鲁迅回忆少年时为父亲周伯宜延医治病的往事散文《父亲的病》,也应采用正本清源的方法,回到鲁迅的原本;要让这个"原本"张开嘴来,看看里面的舌头和牙齿,看看里面真实的生命存在状态。比较文学的研究,对任何高明理论的借鉴都要认清借鉴的有限性,都应从真实的原本出发,对现成的理论进行选择、校正、扬弃、错位、综合、超越甚至反抗,从而让思想之鱼从容出游,享受"鱼之乐",享受原创性的智慧喜悦。

Comparative literature studies should be carried out in the light of ancient and modern views,as well as Chinese and Western ideas. Lu Xun's prose Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study tended to be misunderstood by misleading theories. His article about his father's illness should also be understood by the use of the root method,back in Lu Xun's original. Comparative literature studies should recognize the experience of finitude,starting from a real life attitude to select the existing theory for our studies.