美国加州圣地亚哥华人专业技术新移民的跨国认同调查与研究——移民跨国认同的个案分析

A Study on the Transnational Identities of Chinese Professional Immigrants in San Diego,California:A Case Study of Immigrants' Transnational Identities

论文以美国加州圣地亚哥中国大陆的专业技术新移民为个案,通过问卷形式,从双语能力、认同类型、文化保持与文化适应、跨国活动和跨国倾向等方面对受访的华人群体进行了调查。通过对调查结果的梳理分析,得出三点结论:一是大部分受访者具有较强的中英双语能力,这既是其高度融入美国主流社会的基础,也是其较强文化适应程度的表现;二是在受访的华人群体中,规律性、经常性的跨国活动并不明显,但其跨国认同度较高;三是在受访的华人群体中,跨国认同是一个多层次、多类型的结合体,它既包括以中国人的族裔认同为主、美国人的国家认同为次的双重认同,也包括混杂性的中美双文化认同。

Though transnationalism and transnational identities have been hot topics for international migration studies since the early 1990s, empirical studies on the transnationalidentities of the new Chinese professional immigrants in the US remain scarce. Based on their fieldwork in San Diego, California, the authors attempt to explore the components and varied layers of transnational identities among this immigrant group. After nearly one year of field study, 82 valid questionnaires were collected and some informal interviews were conducted. Through descriptive analysis of the results of these questionnaires and interviews, two findings are concluded： （ 1 ） A large percentage of the informants of this case study do not have regular and sustained transnational activities, yet most of them possess relatively strong transnational identities. This result demonstrates the discrepancy of immigrant transnational activities and transnational identities. （2） Among the informants, while their cultural identity exhibits hybrid biculturalism, their transnational identities are dual with Chinese ethnic identity as primary and American national identity as secondary. This result calls for the need to analyze different layers and levels of immigrants＇ identities in the studies of migrant transnationalism.