潇河流域水质污染的空间变化特征

Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Pollution of Xiaohe River Basin

基于流域布设断面取样点的月监测数据,分析了潇河流域水质的空间变化特征及流域水体的自净能力。结果表明,潇河主流松塔河水质较好,属于Ⅲ类水质;支流白马河水质较差,属于劣Ⅴ类水质,是影响潇河流域水质的主要因素。流域附近乡镇未经处理的生活污水以及工业废水的排放是造成潇河流域水质污染的主要原因。从空间尺度上看,CODCr、NH3-N、TP含量沿河流从上游到下游大致呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,表明潇河流域水体具有一定的自净能力,但自净能力较差。水体自净系数与水力坡降之间存在指数关系。

Based on monthly monitoring data of cross-sectional sampling points laid on watershed scale and taking Xiaohe River basin as an exam-ple,this paper studied on the basin scale inland spatial variation characteristics of water and river basin water self-purification ability. The results show that the water quality of the main flow Songta River is good,belonging to gradeⅢ;the water quality of tributary Baima River is poor,belong-ing to the worse gradeⅤ,which is the main factor of influencing the Xiaohe River basin water quality. Local sewage and industrial waste water of untreated water pollution discharging are the main reasons of causing water pollution of Xiaohe River basin. Judging from the spatial scale,the con-tents of CODCr ,NH3 -N and TP generally show a gradual decreasing trend from upstream to downstream along the river,which indicates that the Xiaohe River water has certain self-purification ability,but very poor. Exponential relationship exists between the slope of the water purification ca-pacity and hydraulic slope.