中国俄罗斯经济体制改革初始条件之比较

A Comparative View of China's Initial Grounds for the Reform of the Economic System with Those of Russia

中俄向市场经济转轨是一系列特殊的社会历史条件综合作用的产物。中国社会政治稳定、经济多重二元特征和经济结构多重不均衡，计划相对松弛，以及特殊的文化传统因素都是渐进改革的初始条件。相反，俄改革初，政治制度剧变、经济陷入负增长危机，宏观经济高度失控，工业化已经完成，但市场发育不足，计划经济影响根深蒂固，另一方面，俄文化双重来源，思维方式极端化都是激进改革的前提条件。和平与发展成为时代的主题，第三次技术革命的推动使两国都面临经济结构的调整和经济发展模式的转换。中俄形成了两条不同的道路。中国的改革取得了显著成就，俄经济遭受重大挫伤，综合国力明显下降。

The fact that China and Russia are both re-orbitti ng market economy owes itself to a systhetic work of a series of special social and historical conditions. In the prime of its evolutionary reform, China remained s table socially and politically, but was faced with such problems as a multifold duality-characterized economy, a multifold imbalanced economic system, a compar atively loose economic plan and some distinctive factors of cultural tradition. I n contrast with China, Russia embarked on an economic reform when its political system had undergone a radical change and its economy was deep in a crisis of ne gative growth after its macroeconomy had been seriously out of control. Although Russia had completed its industrialization, its market was underdeveloped due t o the profound effects of its former planned economy. Besides, the double origin of Russia culture and the polarization of its way of thinking also contributed to its choice of a radical reform. Internationally, with peace and development a s the contemporary theme and with the third technological advance as the motive force, both countries are confronted with the tasks of adjusting economic struct ure and transforming the pattern of economic development. Up to now, China and R ussia are pushing on two different paths: China has made remarkable achievements in its reform whereas Russia is still aching from its serious frustrations in e conomy that its comprehensive national strength has prominently diminished.