儿童营养风险及发育不良筛查工具用于先天性心脏病患儿围术期营养风险筛查

STRONGkids for congenital heart disease perioperative nutritional risk screening

目的 通过营养风险筛查明确先天性心脏病患儿围术期营养风险发生率及营养风险对临床结局的影响.方法 选择先天性心脏病患儿780例（室间隔缺损522例、房间隔缺损133例、法洛四联症70例、动脉导管未闭55例）,运用儿童营养风险及发育不良筛查工具评分表进行营养风险筛查,分析先天性心脏病住院患儿营养风险发生率以及不同年龄段营养风险的差异,研究肺动脉高压、营养不良与临床营养风险是否具有协同关系,以及营养风险程度对临床结局的影响.结果 先天性心脏病住院患儿780例,中、重度营养风险发生率为33.3％ （260/780）,其中＜1岁年龄段中、重度营养风险发生率为49.2％ （187/380）,1～3岁为26.2％ （60/229）,＞3岁为7.6％ （13/171）,＜1岁患儿中、重度营养风险发生率明显高于1～3岁组（x2=25.174,P＜0.001）和＞3岁组（x2=36.029,P＜0.001）.先天性心脏病住院患儿中、重度肺动脉高压发生率为31.6％ （247/780）,所有合并肺动脉高压的先天性心脏病患儿均具中、重度营养风险,而中、重度营养风险患儿肺动脉高压比例高达95％ （247/260）,肺动脉高压和营养风险具有协同关系.营养不良与先天性心脏病营养风险的关系密切相关,先天性心脏病住院患儿中营养不良发生率30.3％ （237/780）.所有合并营养不良的先天性心脏病患儿均具中、重度营养风险,而所有中、重度营养风险患儿中营养不良发生率为91％（237/260）,营养不良和营养风险具有协同关系.结论 营养风险及发育不良筛查工具能有效评估先天性心脏病患儿围术期营养风险,为良好的营养支持提供依据.

Objective To identify the nutritional risks of the hospitalized children with congenital heart disease （CHD） during perioperative period and the relationship between nutrition risks and the clinical outcomes.Methods Totally 780 CHD children （522 cases of ventricular septal defect,133 cases of atrial septal defect,70 cases of tetralogy of fallot,and 55 of patent ductus arteriosus） were recruited.The STRONGkids （Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth） was used to analyze the nutritional risks of CHD children and to identify the nutritional risks of these children at different ages.Also,the potential effect of pulmonary hypertension on malnutrition and effects of the possible nutritional risks on the clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results Of these 780 CHD children,260 （33.3%） were found to be with high and moderate nutritional risks.The incidences of these risks were 49.2% （187/380） in the 0-1-year-old group,which was significantly higher than that in the 1-3-year-old group （26.2%,60/229） （x2 =25.174,P 〈0.001） and the 〉 3-year-old group （7.6%,13/171） （x2 =36.029,P 〈 0.001）.Both pulmonary hypertension and malnutrition showed synergic effects on the clinical nutritional risk,and higher nutrition risks were associated with poorer clinical outcomes.Conclusions STRONGkids can effective evaluate the nutritional risks of CHD children during the perioperative period and thus can inform the standardized nutrition support.