机插配合控释掺混肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of mechanical transplanting of rice with controlled release bulk blending fertilizer on rice yield and soil fertility

在浙江黄泥田进行两年田间试验,研究了不同栽培与施肥方式结合对水稻产量和成熟期土壤养分、微生物生物量碳、氮以及脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响.结果表明:机插配合控释掺混肥处理的水稻平均产量比手插配合常规化肥处理高16.3%,比直播配合控释掺混肥处理高27.0%,与手插配合控释掺混肥处理无显著差异;与手插配合常规化肥相比,机插配合控释掺混肥处理的土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量分别提高了21.6%、13.6%和41.6%,土壤微生物生物量碳提高了27.1%,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别提高了50.0%、22.2%和46.2%.表明机插配合控释掺混肥技术是一种值得推广的高效水稻轻简栽培方式.

A 2-year field experiment with a yellow-clay paddy soil in Zhejiang Province was conducted to study the effects of different planting measures combined with different fertilization practices on rice yield, soil nutrients, microbial biomass C and N and activities of urease, phosphatase, sucrase and hydrogen peroxidase at the maturity stage. Results showed that mechanical transplanting of rice with controlled release bulk blending （BB） fertilizer （BBMT） could achieve a significantly higher mean yield than traditional manual transplanting with traditional fertilizer （TFTM） and direct seeding with controlled release BB fertilizer （BBDS） by 16.3% and 27.0% , respectively. The yield by BBMT was similar to that by traditional manual transplanting with controlled release BB fer- tilizer （BBTM）. Compared with TFTM, BBMT increased the contents of soil total-N, available N, available P and microbial biomass C, and the activities of urease, sucrase and hydrogen peroxidase by 21.5% , 13.6% , 41.2% , 27.1% , 50.0% , 22.5% and 46.2% , respectively. Therefore, BBMT, a simple high-efficiency rice cultivation method with use of a light-weighted mechanical transplanter, should be widely promoted and adopted.