常山县农村“三格式”卫生厕所无害化效果监测结果分析

Analysis of “three-pool”rural toilet harmless monitoring results in Changshan county

目的了解农村卫生厕所无害化效果,为农村改厕工作提供科学依据。方法抽取10座"三格式"卫生厕所,对基本情况、常规监测及三氮指标进行监测与评价。结果 "三格式"化粪池粪便无害化生物指标合格率达到90%以上;理化指标硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮第一池60%和第三池80%达到《粪便无害化效果监测指标评判标准》,NH3-N、总磷、COD、BOD5均未达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)。结论 "三格式"化粪池对生物指标除去效果好,对理化指标除去效果不明显,除去率差异大。"三格式"化粪池改善农村地区环境卫生、控制疾病发生起到积极的作用,但也存在缺陷。

Objective To investigate the effect of harmless sanitary latrines in rural areas, and provide the scientific foundation for reforming rural toilets. Methods Ten ＂ three - pool＂ toilets were selected to monitor and evaluate the basic situation and triehlorine index. Results The qualified rate of fecal harmless biological index of ＂Three - pool＂ septic tank was more than 90%. Physieochemieal indexes, such as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the first pool and the third pool were in accord- ance wtih the ＂Evaluation criteria for monitoring indicators of feces harmless＂, with the qualified rates of 60% in first pool and 80% in the third pool. However, NH3 - N, total phosphorus, COD and BOD5 were failed to meet the ＂ Pollutant discharge standard for urban sewage treatment plants＂ （ GB18918 - 2002 ）. Conclusion The ＂ Three - pool＂ septic tank shows good cleaning effect on biological indexs, but poor effect on removing physioehernieal indexes, and there is significant difference be- tween removal rates of the two. ＂Three - pool＂ Septic tank has presented positive impacts on controUing disease and improving environmental sanitation in rural areas, but there is still some shortcomings.