效率与利益：上海电力工业的公私合营（1953～1955）

Efficiency and Benefit:The Joint State-Private Ownership of Shanghai's Electric Industry,1953-1955

1951年,上海市政府征用了美商上海电力公司的设备资产,对核心电厂的"国有化"使社会主义电力工业得以初步建立。国家电力部门试图提高上海电力系统的整体效率,但私营电厂无法直接纳入其统筹和管理之中,在社会主义改造的浪潮中电力工业开始了公私合营。其间,公方主导了合营的各项工作,并用"经济"的方式得到了企业资产,私方在得到补偿的同时退出了企业的支配和管理。电力为工业之先导,上海电力工业的公私合营可为20世纪50年代社会主义工业化的探讨,在工业体系建立的环节上做出有代表性的诠释。

In 1951,Shanghai municipal government took over the equipment and assets of the American-owned Shanghai Electric. By turning critical electric plants into state-owned enterprises,the CPC initially established its socialist electric industry. At first,the state electric department tried to raise the overall systemic efficiency of Shanghai Electric,but a private-run electric plant like this could not be put under the state's coordination and management. Hence,in the wave of socialist transformation,joint state-private ownership was enforced in the electric industry. During the process,the state took control of all the aspects of ownership restructuring and came into possession of the plant's assets by'economic'means. With some compensations,the original private owner withdrew from the control and management of the plant. Electric industry was the herald of the entire industry. The turning of Shanghai Electric into an enterprise of joint state-private ownership served as an epitome for socialist industrialization and the establishment of the industrial system in 1950s.