宗教对国际关系的影响：以主教任命为例

On the Influence of Religion on International Relations:Take Bishop Appointment as a Case

作者以主教任命为例,对宗教对国际关系的影响进行了探讨。首先,作者从全球庞大的宗教信徒人数、共同的信仰身份认同和价值体系构成跨越国界和跨越民族的精神文化力量、以宗教为基础或具有宗教背景的非政府组织或国际行为体、宗教强大的动员力量、把宗教信仰及道德价值观融入外交政策的制定和实施以及宗教组织负责人或宗教领袖个人的精神魅力和活动能力等六个方面论述了宗教对国际关系产生的影响。在此基础上,作者通过对国家主权之争、法规制度之争和普世教会与地方教会关系之争三个主教任命影响国际关系的关键因素的分析,进一步提出了主教任命问题对国际关系起影响作用的四个作用路径:一是主教任命问题常常引起对国家主权的干涉与维护之争从而影响国际关系;二是主教任命问题常常引起对任命程序的"合法性"之争从而影响国际关系;三是主教任命问题常常通过签订国际条约解决争端从而影响国际关系;四是主教任命问题常常把教皇使节牵扯其中从而影响国际关系。最后作者提出建议,要高度重视梵蒂冈及罗马教皇在国际关系中的特殊作用和重要影响,抓住有利时机。

Based on the case of the system of episcopal appointment,the author has explored the influence of religion on international relations.Firstly,the author discussed the six paths of religious influence on international relations,that is,large number of religious believers around the world,the common religious identity and values which constitute the spiritual strength across national border and ethnic groups,nongovernment organizations or international actors on the basis of religion or religious background,great strength of religious mobilization,integrating the religious beliefs and values into foreign policy formation and implementation,and the spiritual glamour and influence of religious organization or religious leaders.Then,by analyzing the bishop appointment in terms of the three key factors which exert great influence on international relations,that is,national sovereignty dispute,the legal system,the relationship between universal church and local churches,the author put forward four paths of effects of bishop appointment on international relations.Firstly,the bishop appointment often results in interference in national sovereignty.Secondly,the bishop appointment often causes the disagreement over the legitimacy of the procedure of appointment.Thirdly,the dispute of bishop appointment is often solved through international treaties.Fourthly,the bishop appointment often involves papal envoys.Thus,the author suggests that China should attach great important to the special and important role of the Vatican and the Pope,and seize a good opportunity to promote the settlement of the issue of the bilateral relationship between China and the Vatican.