现实主义与建构主义的合流及其发展路向

The Congruence of Realism and Constructivism and Its Developmental Path

近年来,在国际关系理论方面,现实主义与建构主义之间出现了合流的趋势。作者认为,现实主义的基本特征是"物质主义+结构取向",而建构主义的基本特征是"观念主义+过程取向"。通过对现实主义和建构主义经典文本进行梳理,作者发现这些文本中包含大量的相互融通和交叉的内涵,而两大学派相互融合后的进一步发展需要从政治哲学中汲取灵感。现实主义的哲学思维来源是马基雅维利和霍布斯,而建构主义的哲学思维来源是康德,对康德思想进行了批判性发展的黑格尔处在现实主义和建构主义之间。对黑格尔思想进行继承的两条路径对两大学派合流后的发展有重要启示。"黑格尔-马克思-哈贝马斯路径"可以对现实建构主义的发展有所启发,而"黑格尔-尼采-福柯路径"则可对建构现实主义的发展有所启发。现实建构主义的核心概念是规则性文化、社会化和认同,而建构现实主义的核心概念是关系性权力、规训和他者。尽管这两个新发展的理论都基于西方的哲学传统,但是它们与中国外交的一些传统和特征有相似之处,并可能为中国国际关系理论和外交哲学思想的发展提供某种支撑。

There is a trend of congruence between realism and constructivism.The basic characteristic of realism is materialism plus structure-orientation,while constructivism is characterized by idealism plus process-orientation.Through the review of classic texts of realism and constructivism,there are plenty of overlapping contents and mutual communication.The further development after mutual integration between two schools needs to draw inspiration from political philosophy.The philosophical origin of realism is Machiavelli and Hobbes,while the origin of constructivism is Kant.Hegel who critically developed Kant's thoughts stands between realism and constructivism.The two paths which inheritated from Hegel's thoughts can contribute to the congruence of two schools.Hegal-Marx-Harbamas Path can bring some inspiration to realist constructivism,while Hegel-Nietzsche-Foucault can enlighten the development of constructive realism.The key concepts of realist constructivism are regulatory culture,socialization and identity,while the main concepts of constructive realism are networked power,discipline and others.These two new theoretical schools are based on Western philosophical tradition,but the thoughts of these two schools accord with some tradition and characteristics of China's diplomacy,and can provide some kind of support for the development of China's international relations theory and philosophical thoughts on diplomacy.